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可可西里藏羚羊结束回迁 迁徙之谜至今未解

2017-09-01 11:16:13   中国青年网

新华社西宁9月1日电(记者白玛央措、李亚光)记者从可可西里国家级自然保护区管理局获悉,据工作人员观测,在可可西里卓乃湖集中产崽的藏羚羊于近期结束回迁,已陆续返至原栖息地。

藏羚羊主要栖息在青海三江源、西藏羌塘、新疆阿尔金山等地。每年5月底,它们都要从各地前往位于可可西里腹地的卓乃湖产崽。到7月底,雌羊开始携幼崽返回原栖息地,往返迁徙行程可达600余公里。

可可西里国家级自然保护区管理局宣传科科长才仁桑周说,今年在卓乃湖产崽的藏羚羊近4万只,由于天气适宜,其幼崽成活率较高。8月1日起,每天约有200只回迁藏羚羊穿越青藏公路,数量较去年有所增长。11日,最后一批藏羚羊从五道梁保护站观测点离开。目前,羊群已陆续回到原栖息地。

中科院西北高原生物研究所研究员苏建平说,藏羚羊迁徙是世界上最为壮观的有蹄类动物大迁徙之一,每年它们都要成群结队翻过昆仑山,蹚过冰河,历经千难万阻,始终坚持不懈。其中究竟暗含着怎样的“生态密码”,仍待科学家持续探索。

据了解,针对藏羚羊迁徙,目前学界有“逃避天敌”“躲避疾病”等猜想,但都未得到证实。

连续15年实地研究藏羚羊迁徙的苏建平认为,藏羚羊迁徙可能源自一种“种群集体记忆”。大约4000年至8500年前,青藏高原处于暖湿期,森林、灌木在可可西里大范围延伸。由于藏羚羊偏好栖息于开阔草地,其种群开始向较寒冷的北方迁徙。

“到了冬天,随着北方被大面积积雪覆盖,可可西里及更南地区的树叶开始脱落,藏羚羊又南迁觅食。这样年复一年、代代相传,季节性迁徙就成为藏羚羊种群的集体记忆,至今仍影响着它们的行为。”苏建平说。

然而,这一结论也有待进一步研究证实。苏建平表示,目前,科研人员正筹划从藏羚羊的新鲜粪便中提取DNA,以获得更多支撑性基础数据。

苏建平说,如成功破译藏羚羊的“生态密码”,科研人员就能通过动物生态学手段,探寻藏羚羊产羔地和越冬地的联系,进而定位其迁徙路线,提出更科学、完善的相关保护对策。

藏羚羊属国家一级重点保护动物。上世纪80年代,因不法分子猎杀,藏羚羊数量从原来的20万只锐减到不足2万只。经过多年保护,如今这一物种已恢复至6万多只。

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