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藏羚羊安居记

2017-08-25 18:45:58   新华网

新华社拉萨8月25日电 题:藏羚羊安居记

新华社记者 张熠柠

八月的羌塘草原涌动着生命的活力:黑色的牦牛,白色的羊群,偶尔几只黄褐色的藏原羚,会在啃食牧草的间隙抬起头。

记者乘坐的越野车在那曲地区安多县强玛镇二村的牧场前停下,看到车窗外有高约1.2米的围栏内,无边绿翠,四野无声。

2013至2016年曾在二村担任村党支部第一书记、现在是强玛镇组织委员的旦塔尔告诉记者:“这里是我们接羔育幼的草场,只有每年四月初到六月才能放牧。”

强玛镇二村又名吉扎布嘎村。在藏语中,“吉扎”意为“沙子”,“布嘎”为“突起”。生活在“沙坡”上的牧民,对这片3万余亩的草场珍爱有加。

“看,藏羚羊!”旦塔尔等几名当地干部,一边高呼,一边指向牧场远方:几个黑点在山坡上飞奔,好似跃动在天地间的音符。

当地干部告诉记者,这些藏羚羊是牧场的老朋友了。它们因为1997年10月那场突如其来的雪灾来到这里,从此再没离开,至今已整整20年。

雪灾后强玛镇二村村民布格和布迪兄弟在牧场内发现了藏羚羊,马上报告给在村委会工作的嘎增。

现任二村党支部书记的嘎增对记者说:“我赶到牧场,看到15头藏羚羊紧紧挤在一起。牧场围栏外面已经冻死了好多盘羊。如果当时把这些藏羚羊赶出牧场,它们就会和那些盘羊一样死定了。”

“我们牧场大部分时间禁止放牧,牧草质量好。积雪融化时,比外面的草更早露头,又冷又饿的藏羚羊看到后翻了进来。”嘎增推测道。

强玛镇二村在收留藏羚羊后不久,便向上级汇报自家牧场内发现了这种国家一级保护动物。1999年,羌塘国家级自然保护区安多管理分局在强玛镇二村设立了一个野保员岗位,并由嘎增担任至今。身为“老野保”的嘎增头戴墨绿毛毡帽,身穿草绿上衣,与他守护多年的草场融为一体。他胸前的党徽和“西藏羌塘国家级自然保护区野保员”的绿色胸卡在阳光下熠熠生辉。

这批“避难”的藏羚羊因为水草无忧,开始迅速“添丁进口”。为了给藏羚羊更大的生存空间,2005年,当地政府又将牧场从原有的1.5万亩扩大到现在的3万余亩,但每年只能放牧三个月的村民“还是有了一些意见”。

嘎增就反复地给村民们做思想工作,宣讲保护野生动物的意义,现在越来越多的村民自愿加入保护藏羚羊的队伍里。除嘎增每月在牧场巡视四次外,强玛镇二村还有六个贫困户也被安排在了生态补偿脱贫岗位,他们不定期巡视草场,查看水源,协助保护藏羚羊。此外,党员干部还带动老百姓捡拾牧场内的垃圾,防止藏羚羊和家畜误食。

“20年来,牧场里没有出现一起人为伤害藏羚羊的事件。”嘎增告诉记者。有时发现自然死亡的藏羚羊,村民们都会痛惜地就地掩埋消毒。掩埋前他们还不忘把公羊头上的羊角折断,“害怕有人为了角把羊头挖出来”。嘎增说着,向记者展示着手机中一张张掩埋藏羚羊的照片。

20年前“闯”入当地村民草场的那15头藏羚羊,已繁衍到300余头。“一到牧场开放时,牦牛、绵羊、山羊和藏羚羊一起吃草,场面特别和谐。”旦塔尔笑了笑。

从迁徙到定居,习性的改变会对藏羚羊的生存有影响吗?面对记者的疑虑,曾长期在那曲地区农牧局工作的任春丞说,虽然藏羚羊大多有迁徙的习惯,但在生存环境稳定的情况下,也会选择定居,这在那曲地区申扎县有过先例。“这里的藏羚羊几乎没有天敌,有成比例的交配对象,冬天老百姓还会投喂一些草料,它们当然不想走了。不然它们会比当年跳进牧场时更轻松地翻过围栏跑掉。”

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