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海昏侯墓出土竹简:失传1800年《齐论》有望恢复

2017-08-23 19:26:29   中国青年网

原标题:海昏侯墓出土竹简发现《论语·知道》失传1800年的《齐论》有望恢复

南昌西汉海昏侯墓出土了约5000枚竹简,从初步清理和保护情况看,内容包括《悼亡赋》、《论语》、《易经》、《礼记》、《孝经》、《医书》、《六博棋谱》等文献。其中,考古人员在这些竹简中发现了失传已久的《论语·知道》篇,并初步断定属《论语》的《齐论》版本。

这枚竹简上所书写的“智道”,就是《汉书·艺文志》所载《齐论语》第二十二篇的篇题——“知道”。

西汉时期,《论语》分为《鲁论》、《齐论》、《古论》三个版本。 《齐论》相比其他版本,多了《问王》、《知道》两篇。这枚海昏侯墓出土的两面写有文字的竹简,正面写有“智道”(“智道”即“知道”),背面书写有“孔子智道”等24字。篇题“智道”即取自首句开头“孔子”之后的两个字,符合《论语》各篇的命名规则。据此,此句当为《知道》篇的首章。徐长青由此推测南昌西汉海昏侯墓出土竹书《论语》应为《齐论》。

北京联合大学应用文理学院的考古专家王楚宁和张予正认为,与海昏侯墓同属汉代的肩水金关汉简中,也有相同章句。以海昏侯墓《齐论》为参照,不仅能从肩水金关汉简中发现《知道》篇更多失传章句,还可能整理出《问王》篇首章“子贡问王”。海昏侯墓与金关汉简中的两部《齐论》,可构建出该书大致面貌;若能将两部竹书互补互校,或可恢复失传1800年的《齐论》。(记者王祺)

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