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西藏决战包虫病 雪域高原吹响冲锋号

2017-08-23 15:27:07   中国青年网

新华社拉萨8月23日电(记者高洁 张京品)“医生说回家后不要玩狗,不能喝生水,吃饭前要洗手。”13岁的小普桑(化名)半个多月前在拉萨市人民医院接受了治疗包虫病的外科手术。

小普桑所得的包虫病,是一种人兽共患寄生虫病。通常,牧民将患有包虫病的牲畜内脏给狗喂食,人在与狗的接触过程中被感染。小普桑的父母都是牧民,家里养有牦牛,还有一条狗。可能因为跟狗的接触过于紧密,小普桑被传染了包虫病。

在包虫病的常见类型中,泡型包虫病是高度致死性的疾病,被称作“虫癌”。一旦发病,肝、肺、脑及骨骼等几乎所有器官和组织都会被损害。医学统计数据显示,70%的泡型包虫病患者会在五年内死亡,十年内的死亡率超过90%。

除了西藏,我国的包虫病流行区还有内蒙古、四川、甘肃、青海和新疆等区域。受风俗习惯和卫生条件影响,西藏是全国包虫病高发区。

2016年西藏自治区流行病调查结果显示,包虫病在西藏74个县区流行,人群发病率为1.66%。而今年,西藏全面吹响了决战包虫病的冲锋号。全区74个县区全面启动包虫病综合防治工作,计划到2020年基本控制包虫病流行。在这次覆盖全区的包虫病人群筛查中,小普桑的病情被及时发现。

《西藏自治区包虫病综合防治工作方案(2017—2020年)》中提到,未来3年时间完成全区包虫病人群筛查,建立人群健康档案,在患者自愿基础上,组织适宜手术的病人到定点医院手术治疗,为适宜药物治疗的病人提供治疗药物,实现患者基本医疗费用“零支付”。

“今年免费筛查工作启动后,全区300多万人口,已完成约180万人口的筛查,检出超过1.6万名包虫病患者,其中两成以上需要进行手术。”西藏自治区疾病预防控制中心主任李斌说。

“过去以为只有那曲地区的比例会高一点……没有预料到省会城市的患病比例会这么高。”拉萨市扎细街道办事处副主任科员赵静告诉记者,他们挨家挨户去动员体检,发放防治包虫病的宣传册。

同时,海量的疾病检测样本的安全存储和外科医生人手不足,也是最紧迫需要解决的问题。

最近,国家基因库、华大基因、澳柯玛集团、宅急送联合向西藏援赠了100台“-86度超低温冰箱”。这种冰箱能够适应高原条件,符合检测样本存储要求。首批40台冰箱随车队从青岛出发,穿越4000多公里的路程,已于18日运抵拉萨。

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