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通讯:探路“冰上丝绸之路”——记中国科考队穿越北冰洋中央航道

2017-08-22 22:00:34   新华网

“现在回头想想,穿越中央航道时我坐在驾驶室里也是提心吊胆。尽管有较为准确的判断和决策,但还是有风险,毕竟‘雪龙’号是第一次走这片海域。在出现海雾的日子,前方的路在哪里,让我很迷茫。一天天的破冰航行,感觉目标那么远,时间又不能耽搁,不能出意外,这实在是一种煎熬。”徐韧感叹道。

  多艰险

穿越中央航道,可谓困难重重。在徐韧看来,最大的困难是高纬地区通信不畅,很难获得航行保障数据。由于“雪龙”号无法及时接收气象信息、预报和海冰范围、密集度、厚度等航行保障数据,有时很多天才能收到一份,科考队只能利用未更新的海冰数据估计冰区情形,对航线进行决策。

“在从来没走过的区域,靠几天前的冰图做判断,很是让人担心。”徐韧说,本次航行是我国首次在公海区穿越中央航道,遇到了很多先前北极考察从未遇到的情况。

面对情况复杂的冰区,驾驶员通常都会通过瞭望在浮冰区寻找一片清水区,航行过去后,再寻找下一个适合航行的“水塘”,以确保航行速度。此外,沿途出现多次海雾密集、能见度很低的情况,为保证航行安全,科考队只能临时停船,待海雾散去后继续航行。”

由于船体破冰时会造成连续震动、高纬地区低温使仪器结冰等原因,“雪龙”船上部分设备多次发生故障。这时,科考队还需在条件有限的情况下修复设备。

此外,在北冰洋作业也十分不易。例如,冰站作业温度低,但接线等精细活仍需徒手操作完成;积雪会覆盖海冰表面的融池,冰面作业一定得随时留意不能踩到融池上;风雪大,海冰块在不断漂移,从‘雪龙’号乘黄河艇到冰站,有时之前有的通道一小时后就被浮冰封堵了,只能另寻新的通道……

“冰区实验条件还是非常艰苦的。为了完成冰区物理实验,有一次携带实验设备的黄河艇需离‘雪龙’号20公里。由于距离过远,对讲机不起作用,11个小时的实验过程中有几个小时黄河艇处于失联状态,调查作业还是有一定的风险,当时我也是很担心。”徐韧说。

  收获丰

克服苦难,科考队最终成功穿越北冰洋中央航道,开辟了中国北极科学考察的新区域,提高了对北极高纬海域的新认识,同时积累了航行经验。

在穿越中央航道期间,科考队开展了全程气象和海冰观测,共获取了531条海冰人工观测记录以及冰区全程海冰厚度电磁感应记录,释放探空气球34个。

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