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中小学语文课换书了!总主编谈教学重点

2017-08-22 10:23:08   新华网

新华网北京8月22日电(记者 曹滢 韩家慧)今年9月,全国新入学的中小学生将使用“教育部编义务教育语文教科书”(简称部编本)。今后三年,“部编本”将陆续推向全国使用。

这是全国“三科教材”(道德与法治、语文、历史)统编工作中的一个重要部分。新教材有哪些变化?究竟“新”在哪里?近日,中小学语文统编教材总主编温儒敏教授接受了新华网独家专访,详细解读了新教材的特色,并提出使用的建议。

温儒敏是北京大学语文教育研究所所长,山东大学文科一级教授,原北京大学中文系主任。温儒敏介绍,这次语文教材编写秉承“守正创新”的理念,有许多新意,最重要的是让语文课回到读书,这是语文教学的“牛鼻子”。

  多读书 会读书 读整本书

曾有调查显示,中国学生阅读量峰值在初中一、二年级。小学阅读主要靠老师引导和指定,初三后终日面对应考,读书十分功利性,兴趣大幅衰减。很多人中学毕业了却没读过几本书,更没养成阅读的爱好与习惯。

孩子们为何不读书?很多人把原因归咎于应试教育,为了应付考试,学生忙于做题,没时间也没兴趣读课外书。

“部编本”教材增加了“和大人一起读”“快乐读书吧”“名著导读”等多个版块,把课外阅读也纳入教学体制。如一年级的“和大人一起读”倡导孩子跟父母、老师一起读充满童趣的故事、童谣、寓言、科普等,鼓励创造使用朗读、讲读、对话表演等多种方式。

温儒敏说,学生读书兴趣培养不能光靠学校,家庭也很重要。从幼儿园阶段以听故事为主,过渡到小学阶段的纸质阅读,在幼小衔接阶段,家长少看电视,少看微信,少打麻将,多和孩子一起读书,对培养阅读习惯、激发阅读兴趣十分重要。

记者梳理发现,与旧“人教版”相比,一年级上册语文书的课文数量减少了9课,下册减少了10课。看起来课文单元数减少了,其实内容丰富了,尤其是大量增加了延伸阅读、口头表达等方面训练;三年级后,课文被分为精读和略读两种课型。精读课由老师讲解,举例子、给方法;略读课让学生自己读,把精读课学到的方法运用到略读课中,自己去体会。另外,配套出版的《语文素养读本》,提供了适应不同年龄段孩子发展特点的一大批好的作品。

几方面同时着力,体现出“部编本”扩展阅读面的主要特点,且搭建起“教读自读-课外阅读”的阅读教学机制。

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