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中南大学研发出耐3000℃烧蚀的新材料

2017-08-21 20:35:27   新华网

新华社长沙8月21日电(记者谢樱)记者21日从中南大学获悉,中南大学粉末冶金国家实验室黄伯云院士团队通过大量实验,开发了一种新型的耐3000℃烧蚀的陶瓷涂层及其复合材料,这一发现有可能为高超声速飞行器的研制铺平道路。

中南大学粉末冶金研究院熊翔教授说,高超声速飞行意味着其飞行速度等于或大于5倍声速,即至少每小时6120公里。在如此高的速度下,2小时内便可完成从北京到纽约的飞行旅程,但前提是飞行器的关键结构部件能够承受住剧烈的空气摩擦和高达2000-3000℃的热气流冲击而不被破坏。中南大学新发现的超高温陶瓷涂层及其复合材料可为上述部件提供较好的保护。

这种陶瓷是一种多元含硼单相碳化物,具有稳定的碳化物晶体结构,由Zr、Ti、C和B四种元素组成。研发团队采用熔渗工艺将多元陶瓷相引入到多孔炭/炭复合材料中,进而获得一种非常有潜力的新型Zr-Ti-C-B陶瓷涂层改性的炭/炭复合材料。

“由于这种超高温陶瓷兼具了碳化物的高温适应性和硼化物的抗氧化特性,使上述涂层和复合材料表现出优越的抗烧蚀性能和抗热震性能,是高超声速飞行器关键部件极具前途的候选材料。”熊翔说。

团队研发的研究成果于6月15日在《自然·通讯》(Nature Communications)上发表,中南大学粉末冶金国家重点实验室为本论文第一完成单位,熊翔教授为第一通讯作者,曾毅博士为第一作者。合作单位英国曼彻斯特大学对该材料进行了表征和分析研究。

文章一经刊出即受到了国外学界、媒体的广泛关注。刊出后的前3天,下载量就突破5000次,而同日刊出其余文章下载量为300-900次。英国《每日邮报》、《经济学人》,美国《雅虎》、《大众机械》,俄罗斯《卫星通讯社》等世界数十家主流媒体和权威学术机构对此研究成果给予了广泛关注和报道。《自然·通讯》期刊评阅人认为:“上述研究成果将会点燃学术界对四元体系材料在高超声速领域应用的研究热情和兴趣,因为这代表着一种极有应用前景的材料体系。”

从2002年起,在国家863、973和国家自然科学基金的支持下,在长江学者熊翔教授带领下,团队从炭/炭复合材料的中高温(<1600℃)抗氧化涂层入手,试图寻找一种具有优异的抗氧化性能和耐烧蚀性能的新型超高温陶瓷涂层材料。在研究过程中,所筛选的材料体系从最初的碳化硅到后来的碳化钽、碳化钛、碳化锆、硼化锆、碳化铪等数十种体系以及数百种成分含量的高温材料,几乎涉及了所有现存的超高温陶瓷和高温复合材料。直至现在,实现了3000℃超高温环境下新型耐烧蚀陶瓷涂层开发的突破,历时15年。

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