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新疆:18年省出38个“天池”恢复塔里木河生态

2017-08-21 11:36:37   中国青年网

新华社乌鲁木齐8月21日电(记者赵春晖)经过两个多月不停输送,塔里木河中上游“省”出来的水,又一次灌满了“干渴”的台特马湖。为治疗这一区域的“脱水症”,新疆18年来累计向这条河流下游输水逾60亿立方米。

据塔里木河流域管理局统计,截至8月16日,新疆今年向塔里木河下游生态输水达4亿立方米,超额完成3.5亿立方米的指标。这意味着,连续18次输往这一地区的生态水已达到61.8亿立方米。按照天山天池1.6亿立方米的水量计算,这相当于38个天池。

全长1321公里的塔里木河纵贯干旱的新疆南部,是中国最长的内陆河。在过去几十年中,为灌溉塔里木盆地内不断增加的耕地,这条河流干流水量日趋减少,下游常年处于断流状态,地下水位也不断下降,两岸绵延千里的原始胡杨林开始大面积衰败、枯死,生态功能减退。

本世纪初开始,中央政府先后投入107亿元巨资,挽救塔里木河下游地区的生态危机。其中一项重要措施是根据开都河、孔雀河和塔里木河干流来水情况,向这一地区输送生态用水。

为保证有水可输,新疆在塔里木河流域实施了工农业用水“配额制”,控制各县市用水总量,同时有计划地大面积“退地休耕”,尤其是在库尔勒、轮台等水土矛盾突出的县市,近年退出耕作的土地都在十万亩以上。

自2000年起,新疆先后18次向塔里木河下游生态输水,结束了下游河道连续干涸近30年的历史。由于地下水得到了有效补给,这里地下水位不断抬升、地下水的水质也日益好转,水环境得到明显改善。

据中科院的最新监测数据显示,目前,塔里木河下游植被恢复和改善的面积达2285平方公里,沙地面积减少854平方公里。一度干涸的台特马湖最高时达到492平方公里的水面,由于输水以来常年保持有水,湖周已形成了223平方公里的湿地。

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