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页岩气开发要成为一场绿色变革

2017-08-20 11:41:19   新华网

新华社北京8月20日电 题:页岩气开发要成为一场绿色变革

新华社记者王立彬

国土资源部日前宣布,全球能源领域的页岩气革命在我国取得巨大成就:中国成为与美国、加拿大鼎足而立的页岩气生产大国。这对确保我国能源安全具有深远影响。能源安全与生态安全互为表里,要根据国际经验,结合我国特点,兼顾资源与环境,将页岩气革命纳入绿色发展轨道。

我国页岩气的利用,就像南海可燃冰试采一样,都关系到国家能源安全,对未来发展有重大影响。上世纪八十年代起发端于北美的页岩气革命,不仅改变了北美能源供应和消费格局,由于技术成熟,美国借此实现了能源基本自给并通过降低天然气价格,有效抑制了油价电价,推动了美国的制造业回归。作为能源消费大国和工业大国,我国开发储量丰富的页岩气势在必行。

像海底可燃冰一样,页岩气开采也有环境风险。我国页岩气储藏深度、地质复杂程度远高于北美。地质调查部门资料显示,美国页岩气多分布在平原地区,埋深在1000-2000米。我国页岩气多在西南丘陵高原地区,埋深多在3000米以上。开采页岩气的水力压裂技术要消耗大量水资源。我国西南地区不可能与北美大平原“拼水土”。国土资源部多次强调,页岩气开发要加强环境保护,勘查开采过程中要严格保护地下水、地表及大气环境;勘查开采结束后,要依法进行土地复垦。总之,页岩气开发必须气、水、土统筹考虑,绝不可以买椟还珠。

可喜的是,在资源开发层面,我国通过技术引进、消化、吸收、创新,地质工作者掌握了页岩气地球物理、钻井、压裂改造技术,初步形成适合我国地质条件的页岩气勘探开发技术体系。当务之急,是尽快在环境保护层面补短板,特别是在立法层面改变没有专门性环评法规的状况,坚决避免先污染再治理的老路,使页岩气革命成为符合生态文明方向的绿色革命。

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