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走进最早的“紫禁城” 发现“最早的中国”

2017-08-12 13:07:02   新华网

王丛苗在洛阳偃师二里头考古队展示一件修复后的文物(8月2日摄)。仔细端详一个3000多年前的陶罐后,54岁的王丛苗把卡尺夹在罐壁上,小心翼翼地量出厚度。随着铅笔、三角尺、比例规在她手里来回切换,一个花边口沿的小圆腹罐四分之一剖面图慢慢出现在纸上。 “一毫米的误差也不能有,错一点就不是罐的真实面貌了。”好的考古绘图“见图如见物”,但允许有细微误差。与同行相比,这位女考古技工对自己有更苛刻的要求,因为她要记录和展示的是“最早的中国”。王丛苗所在的河南偃师二里头遗址,是经考古学与历史文献学考证的中国最早王朝——夏朝中晚期的都城遗存,距今3000年以上,是探索中国早期国家起源与发展的关键性遗址,有“最早的中国”之称。自1959年发现以来,二里头遗址不断刷新人们的认知。今年6月,“十三五”国家重大文化工程——二里头遗址博物馆开建,使之再度成为世人瞩目的焦点。新华社发(李嘉南 摄)

新华社郑州8月12日电  题:走进最早的“紫禁城” 发现“最早的中国”

新华社记者桂娟、史林静、施雨岑

你知道“最早的中国”在哪里吗?——河南偃师二里头。

洛河南岸一个普通的村庄,看似与中原大地上的千村万落一样平淡无奇,却埋藏着中华民族的重大秘密:公元前1800年至前1500年间,这里曾有中国最早的“紫禁城”,上演过夏的繁华和夏商王朝更替的壮阔史剧。

这里还拥有最早的城市主干道网、最早的青铜礼器群及最早的铸铜作坊、最早的制作绿松石器的作坊、最早的双轮车的车辙。

二里头遗址丰富的内涵不断给世人以惊喜,随着“十三五”期间国家重大文化工程——二里头遗址博物馆的兴建,众多中国乃至东亚“之最”在这里浮出水面。

  在二里头,感受中国最早的繁华

中国发端于何时?最早的中国究竟在哪里?

1959年,著名古史学家徐旭生以71岁高龄率队赴河南调查“夏墟”,大约也是带着这些问题出发的。此后,便掘开了二里头遗址发掘的第一铲。

出河南偃师城区往南,沿洛河向西不远,就是二里头村。村南,一座有些老旧的楼院便是中国社会科学院考古研究所二里头工作队驻地。从院内楼顶四望,二里头、圪垱头、四角楼三个自然村形成一个三角,将一片高地包围,这里便是二里头遗址。

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