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云南大理太和城遗址考古发现青铜时代遗存

2017-08-09 05:35:00   中国青年网

残石佛首 杨庆丽摄/光明图片

青铜鎏金杨枝观音 杨庆丽摄/光明图片

本报昆明8月8日电(记者任维东) 云南考古日前又公布了新的重要发现。此前,根据《太和城遗址考古工作计划》,2016年11月中旬至2017年1月下旬,云南省文物考古研究所会同大理州、市两级文物管理所对2015年勘探中发现的太和城遗址二、三号两处大型建筑遗存进行了考古发掘。日前,专家们公布了此次考古成果,初步认为这次发掘的主要收获是发现了在太和城遗址区域青铜时代已有人类生活居住和南诏国时期的宗教建筑遗址。

南诏是中国唐代西南边疆的一个地方王国,唐王朝于公元738年册封蒙舍诏首领皮逻阁为云南王,南诏政权由此建立,其管辖范围包括今日云南全境及贵州、四川两省与云南相邻的区域,西、南亦到今天越南、老挝、缅甸等三国与云南接壤的部分区域。南诏时期,佛教(密宗)传入南诏,逐渐成为南诏统治者推崇的国教,是南诏国最盛行的宗教。这一时期统治者大建寺庙,铸造佛像,佛教成了南诏统治者维护其统治的工具。

据负责领队发掘的云南省文物考古研究所研究员何金龙介绍,本次发掘的两处大型建筑遗存发掘面积共2000平方米,其中二号建筑遗存发掘面积约1100平方米,三号建筑遗存发掘面积约900平方米。值得注意的是,在二号建筑遗存发掘区中南部南诏时期堆积层之下发现一处青铜时代的残圆形建筑石墙基遗迹,在附近的同一地层中出土青铜钺、青铜镞等各一件,表明青铜时代即有人类在太和城遗址区域居住生活,这为太和城遗址增添了新的文化内涵。

何金龙说,这次出土的文物主要出土于三号发掘区内,有汉晋时期纹饰残墓砖2块、南诏有字残瓦338片、南诏残花纹砖7块、残方砖21块、残绿釉砖2块、残陶鸱吻10件、残红砂石佛首1件、完整青铜鎏金杨枝观音立像1件、青铜金刚杵1件、残绿釉陶瓶2件、残绿釉陶碗1件、残黄釉陶盏1件、残灰陶盏1件、贴金箔夹砂陶片4小块、开元通宝2件、残滴水16件、残瓦当24件等。

从地层来看,三号发掘区的1号房址被包含有南诏有字瓦的瓦砾堆积层覆盖,故其时代应为南诏时期。从打破1号房址的同一灰坑内出土遗物有残石佛首、青铜鎏金杨枝观音立像及青铜金刚杵等来看,1号房址为宗教建筑的可能性较大,因为这些遗物只可能是1号房址之物而不可能从别的地方专门送至于此集中扔弃于同一灰坑内。

何金龙说,本次发掘揭露出的房与房之间无墙相隔、正房与厢房通透相连的1号房址大型建筑遗存为研究南诏时期的建筑提供了最新的考古资料;在1号房址内出土的青铜鎏金杨枝观音立像以前一般认为最早出现于大理国时期,而本次发现的该观音像与南诏风格的残石佛首共出,并且1号房址的时代为南诏时期,从而将该类观音像的出现时间提早到了至少是南诏晚期;1号房址四周还有相关的其他建筑遗存,也为下一步在该区域顺藤摸瓜进行考古工作提供了线索。

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