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国土部专家分析四川九寨沟新疆精河为何发生地震

2017-08-11 16:11:56   中国青年网

央视网消息: 据国土部网站消息,四川阿坝州九寨沟县8月8日晚间发生7.0级地震,截至9日9时25分,地震已造成13人死亡、175人受伤(28人重伤)。8月9日清晨,新疆精河县又发生6.6级地震。那么,这次四川九寨沟和新疆精河发生地震的原因是什么呢?

据中国地震局地震预测研究所研究员陈会忠和中国地科院地质研究员、国土资源首席科学传播专家苏德辰分析,这次地震发生在我国地震活跃的南北地震带上。南北地震带是我国大地震多发的地区,近年来汶川、玉树、卢山、鲁甸、景谷等地震都甚发生在南北地震带上。这次地震发生在巴颜喀拉块体北部东昆仑断裂和塔藏断裂与东部龙门山断裂的交汇处,说明巴颜喀拉块体边缘活动剧烈。中国地震台网中心地震预报部主任蒋海昆说,从断层活动类型来看,这次地震是水平推挤,即“走滑型地震”。这也是中国大陆最常见的地震类型。巴颜喀拉块体正面推挤产生了“5?12汶川地震”,这次地震则与该块体南东向推挤有关系。中国地震局地质研究所副所长徐锡伟说,本次地震震中位于岷江断裂、塔藏断裂和虎牙断裂附近,推测发震构造为塔藏断裂南侧分支和虎牙断裂北段。这次九寨沟地震的真正原因还是来自印度洋板块对亚欧板块的冲击。

中国地震台网中心研究员孙士宏分析称,从动力源上来说,这两次地震的动力源相近,中国西部地震主要成因都是受到印度板块向亚欧板块的挤压,导致青藏高原向北向东推移,从而造成青藏高原周边地震频发。从具体地震带来说,这两次地震并不在同一个地震带上,九寨沟地震处于龙门山地震带,而新疆精河地震处于天山地震带。孙士鋐说,2008年以来,中国一直处于地震相对频发期,四川新疆连续发生较强地震也再次说明,这个频发期仍在继续。

孙士鋐说,这次阿坝州九寨沟地震并不在汶川地震的余震期,所以两次地震没有实际的联系。此次地震发生的地方,在历史上地震比较多。中国地震台网中心数据显示,此次震中周边200千米内,近百年共发生5级以上地震49次,最大震级是1933年8月25日阿坝州理县叠溪发生过一次7.5级地震,裂度为10度,距离此次地震震中大约只有100多公里。蒋海昆说,20世纪70年代末以来,中国大陆地区发生的7级以上地震主要发生在巴颜喀拉块体,近年来地震集中发生在该块体的东段,也就是四川盆地。

中科院地质所博士后、流体地球科学专业委员会副主任梁光河长期从事矿产资源勘探、大地构造及地震成因机制研究。曾深入研究了汶川地震的隐爆成因机制及成矿过程。他认为,众多证据说明,大地震往往是一个地下深处沿着断裂带的爆炸过程,地质上称之为“隐爆”,其主要能量来源于地下带电超临界流体。地下深处存在高温、高压流体,这些流体以水为主,其中溶解有很多矿物成分,包括盐类、气体以及多种金属矿物。在高温、高压下,水处于超临界状态,而且会发生电离,就好像没有安全阀的高压锅一样,一直处于缓慢加热状态,咕嘟咕嘟冒着泡儿,这就是平常地下的“微震”。地球上的微震很多,几乎每天都会发生很多次。但一旦压力积累到临界状态,就会把高压锅冲破,进而发生爆炸。这就成为高压冲破地下板块的裂缝而发生的大地震。

地震专家经过会商,判定震区近几日有可能发生较强余震。目前认为存在6级左右的余震风险。形成上述判断的理由主要有两个方面。其一,该地曾发生过双震型地震,即1976年8月16日、8月23日先后发生在松潘—平武的两次7.2级地震;其二,作为7.0级地震,余震完全可能达到5.0级以上,而四川九寨沟7.0级地震的余震活动较弱,说明能量还未完全释放。

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