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不能忘记,73年前的8月8日

2017-08-11 12:05:10   新华网

8月8日,对中国人来说,是一个含义特殊的数字,9年前,北京奥运会在这一天盛大开幕,那是属于中国的伟大时刻。但还有一个8月8日,需要中国人以另外一种情绪去追忆。

73年前,1944年8月8日,极为惨烈的衡阳保卫战结束。

  一

“八月八日上午十一时许,敌人全线停止进攻,并微向后撤。霎时间,枪炮之声全无,先后成了两个世界。衡阳内外,寂静得如一座死城……”亲历了衡阳保卫战的葛先才将军如是回忆,葛先才时任国民革命军第十军预十师师长,到枪炮声停下来的这一刻,第十军已坚守衡阳城47天了,这是中国抗战期间历时最长的城市争夺战。

衡阳保卫战的另一个非凡之处在于:这是日本战史中记载的唯一一次日军伤亡超过中国军队的战例。美国国会图书馆资料记载:“衡阳保卫战,10万以上的日军包围了1.7万名中国军人。当中国军队在衡阳击败日本的第二波进攻并击毙2.5万日军之后,日本首相东条英机倒台。经47天血战之后,衡阳于8月8日陷落。日军死伤超过7万人,其中4.8万人被击毙;我方死伤1.5万人,其中7400人捐躯……”

跟抗日“神剧”不一样,抗战期间,中国士兵杀死一个日本兵,付出的代价很大。日军战斗力强悍,尤其在抗战初期,日军装备完整,训练精良,常常能以一个大队(营)扛住中国军队一个师(三团)或一个旅(两团),日军第一军在山西甚至有过战中国军队3个军的记录。历史学者王奇生曾做过分析:据国民政府军司令部1944年统计,第一战区敌我兵力之比是14:100;第二战区是13:100;第三战区是20:100,“平均起来,中国军队要六七个人才能抵抗一个敌人。”他认为,抗战期间,正面战场敌我伤亡比例在1:4到1:2之间,“这个比例应该算保守。”

一直习惯美化自己的日本战史,也承认此役“牺牲之大,令人惊骇”,在日本防卫厅战史研究室出版的《湖南会战》一书中,对衡阳战役己方死伤狼藉有详尽的纪录:

“7月1日,晴。5时50分,日本军发出支援冲锋射击的信号弹,3个大队的步兵轻重机枪都参加了压制射击,枪声极为猛烈。大大激发了冲锋的情绪。第4中队冲入敌阵的悬崖下,遭到集中投来的手榴弹攻击。爆炸停止,白烟扩散,第4中队全体伏卧不动,想是全部战死了……下午14时,日本军步兵炮一起开火,第2中队逼近敌阵,黑川队长手提战刀冲在前面,突然2颗手榴弹爆炸,中队长壮烈战死。眼看就要成功,却被一两名重庆军手榴弹兵阻挡住了。直接协助的炮兵大队已经消耗了计划两倍以上的炮弹,已经所剩无几了……盛夏的烈日渐渐西去,张家山被消失在黑夜里,有热气的微风使人感到可怕。日本军第1大队开始夜袭,不久无线电发生故障,没有了消息。23时传来激烈的交火声和手榴弹的爆炸声,黑濑联队长命令第2大队上去支援。夜已深沉,更觉不安,不久第2大队联系。晨1时,第1、2大队夺取山顶。重庆军冲出来反扑,在夜间挤在又深又窄的交通壕里的日本军第1大队大队长和官兵几全部战死,第2大队大队长也负伤了。重庆军以手榴弹袭击使日本军不得不放弃了山顶。在这次战斗中,大须贺大尉、山下芳信少尉、鹫野升少尉等战死,足立大尉、石松三男少尉、高山成雄少尉等负伤。”

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