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台湾“薪”情:“青贫族”严重 贫富差距升温

2017-08-10 21:44:34   中国青年网

新华社台北8月10日电题:台湾“薪”情:“青贫族”严重 贫富差距升温

新华社记者何自力 齐湘辉

一个题为《由财税大数据探讨台湾近年薪资样貌》的报告日前出炉:分析结果显示,岛内人平均年薪为54.7万元(新台币,下同),若将2015年薪资划为10等份,年薪前10%及后10%的差距升至12.6倍。“青贫族”现象严重,且呈现“贫者愈贫、富者愈富”状态。

专家指出,低薪、劳动条件差、产业前景不明等,都使台湾青年对职业生涯缺乏“正面想象”。

每四人中一人低薪 “青贫族”现象严重

由台湾财政主管部门研究财税大数据得出的这个报告指出,低薪族门槛为2.2至2.3万元,人数约在130万人,为近五年新高,2015年占比为25.2%,相当于每四人中有一人低薪。且因低薪族可能缺乏技术或知识,导致年纪增长仍无法翻身。

报告指出,将各年龄层中,薪水从低至高分为四分位数,会发现在各年龄层中,低薪区块者从21至30岁的21004元薪资,到61至65岁的27637元,年轻到老仅增长32%;高薪区块者,却从38883元一路涨到97292元,涨幅高达150%。

近年基本工资逐年调高,景气也渐渐回温。但低薪族占比近五年皆在25%至26%徘徊,人数约为130万人,以21岁至30岁的低薪族占比达近3成3为最高,显示“青贫族”现象严重。

近9成5“低薪族”为非上市柜公司

报告指出,低薪族占比与公司规模大小呈反向变动,上市柜公司低薪族占比多在1成以下,非上市柜公司占比达3成;由于非上市柜公司涵盖员工人数多,低薪族占比又高,因此整体低薪族人数中,近9成5来自非上市柜公司。

公司经营规模大,其员工的薪资明显提升。2015年上市公司月均薪资中位数为5.1万元,较上柜及非上市柜公司高出近万元以上;员工人数在百人以上公司中位数可达4万元以上,5人以下公司薪资中位数为2.1万元,仅与基本工资相当。

报告显示,高薪区块者所属的产业与工作性质,包括职场经验、技术与知识等会随年龄提升,人力资本也较易随年龄累积,因此反映在薪资成长方面变化较大。这种情形尤其集中在金融及保险业、信息及通讯传播业与电力及燃气供应业等业别。

报告观察行业发现,18个大业别中,以其他服务业与住宿及餐饮业低薪族占比最高,分别为5成及4成5,远高于平均水平的2成5;电力及燃气供应业的薪资水平远高于其他业别,低薪族占比不到2%。

总计有半数大业别,其低薪族占比皆高于平均水平,而劳力密集与计时员工较多的业别,低薪族占比较高。从近5年低薪族人数增幅变化来看,餐馆业增加的低薪人数最多,达1.8万人,其次则是各类货品批发及零售业。

千余人月薪破百万 男性占8成3

报告指出,2015年月薪2.2万至2.3万的低薪族人群中,女多于男。

另一方面,在高薪族部分,2011年至2015年间,高薪族人数由32万人增加至39万人,约占总人数的7%至8%,之中又以月薪10万至15万元者比重最高。

月薪达百万以上的极端高薪者,全台逾1000人,半数以上任职于上市柜公司,之中男性占8成3,女性仅1成7;在年龄及职业部分,5成以上极端高薪者年龄介于51至60岁间,7成以上集中于电子与金融等产业,如半导体、计算机制造、银行、券商与保险等。

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