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台湾人口老龄化愈趋严重

2017-08-05 16:03:18   中国青年网

新华社台北8月5日电(记者何自力 潘丽君)台湾当局内部事务主管部门公布:2017年7月的户口统计表明,65岁以上老年人口占整体比例13.55%,0至14岁的幼年人口占比13.22%,老年人口比幼年人口多了近8万人。自今年2月呈现“死亡交叉”后,两者差距越来越大。

台湾老龄化指数在2017年2月首度破百,达到100.18,老年人口首度超过幼年人口,共有15个县市老龄化指数破百,占比逾三分之二。专家指出,这意味着台湾全面进入人口老龄化社会。人口老龄化指数是指同一人口总体中,老年人口数(65岁及以上)与幼年人口数(0-14岁)的相对比值,指数越高说明老龄化程度越深。

据台湾当局户政主管部门分析,造成这一现象的主要原因是台湾出生人数没有持续增加,但老年人口不断增加。2017年1月老年人口还比幼年人口少11685人,但到了2月两者就呈现“死亡交叉”,老年人口已经比幼年人口多5698人。到了7月,老年人口已比幼年人口多了77463人,二者差距越来越大。

数据显示,台湾7月平均每2.9分钟有一个婴儿诞生,平均每3.1分钟有一位老人过世,折合年粗出生率7.56%,死亡率则为7.24%。

目前台湾地区老龄化指数超出100的县市已从2011年的3个增加为15个。其中,嘉义县老龄化指数最高,为177.00,新竹市老龄化指数最低,为63.87。

由于工作年龄人口递减、退休年龄人口递增,台湾15至65岁青壮年扶养负担将逐年增加。数据显示,2016年台湾约每5.6个青壮年人口扶养一位老年人口;但到了2061年,将变为每1.3个青壮年人口扶养一位老年人口。

专家表示,未来,台湾社会的扶养负担会日益加重,甚至影响台湾竞争力和经济发展。

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