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第一次陆海空三军联合作战:一江山岛战役

2017-08-10 16:20:16   新华网

新华社北京8月10日电 题:第一次陆海空三军联合作战:一江山岛战役

新华社记者梅世雄、解放军报记者毛俊

“62年前的一江山岛战役,不但创造了我军军史的第一,而且也创造了世界军事史的奇迹。”

陆军中校军官黄宙峰引以为豪的人生经历之一,就是自己曾在登陆一江山岛的主力部队——原陆军第20集团军某摩步旅“沙家浜连”当过指导员。

现任军事科学院党委秘书的黄宙峰日前接受记者采访时说,一江山岛战役既是人民解放军历史上第一次陆海空三军联合作战,而且还是世界军事史上第一次在白天发起的三军登陆作战。

“其他的陆海空三军登陆作战都是在晚上发起的,比如二战时期著名的诺曼底登陆。”黄宙峰说。

中华人民共和国成立后,以蒋介石为首的国民党集团败退台湾,其残余部队退至东南沿海部分岛屿,企图利用这些岛屿作为拱卫台湾和对大陆实施反攻的前进基地。

至1955年初,台湾国民党军队控制下的沿海岛屿,主要分为两个方向:一个是福建方向,以金门、马祖为中心;一个是浙江方向,以上、下大陈岛为中心。

一直在谋划着反攻大陆的蒋介石,成立“大陈游击指挥所”,统一指挥这个地区的各种军事力量。

中国人民解放军华东军区则针锋相对,根据浙东沿海国民党军队所占岛屿的指挥中心和防御重点是大陈岛,而一江山岛是屏障大陈岛的前沿据点等情况,决定集中兵力,首先攻占一江山岛,尔后再转兵攻取大陈岛,以击破国民党军在浙东沿海岛屿的防御体系。

军事科学院研究员郜耿豪说,一江山岛主要由南一江、北一江两个岛屿组成,面积约为1.7平方公里。据守的国民党军队是“一江山地区司令部”所辖之第4突击大队、第2突击大队第4突击中队及1个炮兵中队,共1000余人。

1955年1月18日8时,在华东军区参谋长张爱萍的统一指挥下,华东军区部队发起了一江山岛战役。

为打下一江山岛,我军集中了约1万人的强大的陆、海、空军兵力——

参加过朝鲜战争的第20军60师178团3个步兵营;第180团1个步兵营;地面炮兵一个多团;高射炮兵1个多团;火箭炮兵2个营;喷火兵、工兵分队;海军第六舰队、鱼雷艇、登陆运输船艇各1部,各型舰艇180余艘,海岸炮兵一部;空军15个大队又一个中队、海军航空兵7个大队,作战飞机近200架。

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