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近期,河南省出现了一次明显降水,多数地区墒情适宜,田间条件适合病虫发生,秋作物病虫害发生已进入高峰期,发生面积迅速扩大,目前,田间为害较重的病虫主要有二代玉米螟、三代黏虫、三代棉铃虫、玉米褐斑病、花生叶斑病、花生茎腐病、花生白绢病等。
截至8月2日的不完全统计,全省玉米、花生、大豆主要病虫害发生面积达到8831.7万亩次,与去年同期基本持平,较上周增加了1332.8万亩次,增幅达22.2%,防治11014.5万亩次,占发生面积的124%。其中二代玉米螟发生752.2万亩,防治1102.9万亩,平均虫株率5.2%,百株虫量4.3头;玉米蚜发生101.8万亩,防治88.8万亩,平均虫株率4.4%,百株虫量232.2头;玉米褐斑病发生89.31万亩,防治84.1万亩,平均病株率2.2%。花生叶斑病发生380.8万亩,防治766.4万亩,平均病株率13.3%,病叶率5.1%;花生茎腐病发生293.8万亩,防治462万亩,平均病株率3.3%;花生白绢病发生148.5万亩,防治273.3万亩,平均病株率2.7%;三代黏虫发生76.5万亩,防治97.6万亩,百株虫量2.2头,以洛阳谷子地虫量较高,主要发生在伊川、宜阳、新安、孟津、洛宁等县,发生面积7.7万亩,一般地块每平方米虫量1~3头,严重地块10~20头;三代棉铃虫在玉米、花生、大豆上共计发生741.3万亩,防治856.6万亩。
在前一阶段的防治过程中,全省共设立秋作物重大病虫监测基点909个,投入测报人员1171人,召开防治工作会283次,现场会142次,培训干部4万人次,农民技术骨干241多万人次,印发技术资料182.9万份,进行广播宣传235次,建立综合防治和专业化防治示范点181个,核心区面积30.6万亩,组建专业化防治队1548个,农药、药械等防治物资的准备也比较充裕。
降雨导致田间高温高湿,对玉米褐斑病、弯孢霉叶斑病、玉米南方锈病、玉米螟、玉米顶腐病、花生叶斑病、花生白娟病、花生茎腐病等病害发生为害非常有利;短时强降水等强对流天气,导致三代黏虫、棉铃虫、甜菜夜蛾等迁飞性、杂食性害虫在局部地区暴发为害的风险增加;同时由于降雨分布不均,豫西北、豫西南等部分干旱地区玉米蚜、花生叶螨等刺吸性害虫会在局部为害也有可能加重;因此,各级植保部门要密切监测秋作物病虫害发生动态,及时发布病虫情报指导群众防治,力争将病虫害造成的损失降到最低。
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