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安徽玉米叶部病害总体偏重发生

2017-08-10 08:12:43   新华网

笔者近日从安徽省植保总站了解到,近期预计全省玉米螟、棉铃虫、蚜虫和三代黏虫发生面积分别为1200万亩次、800万亩次、200万亩和100万亩。玉米叶部病害(以南方锈病、弯孢叶斑病、小斑病、褐斑病为主)总体偏重发生,预计全省发生面积2300万亩次。

近年来,安徽省玉米主产区秸秆还田比例大,田间菌源量充足,高密度、高肥水等栽培措施广泛应用,玉米主栽品种(如隆平206、郑单958、登海605等)抗病性不强,均有利于玉米病害发生。

专家建议,当前农户应以玉米螟、棉铃虫等钻蛀性害虫,玉米锈病、弯孢叶斑病、小斑病等叶部病害为重点,兼顾桃蛀螟、蚜虫、黏虫、褐斑病等病虫。在玉米大喇叭口期,农户要以二代玉米螟、三代棉铃虫、叶部病害为主开展一次总体防治,起到治虫防病、节本增效的目的;8月下旬主治玉米锈病、三代玉米螟、四代棉铃虫,兼治黏虫等。

防治玉米螟、棉铃虫可选用Bt、甲维盐、氯虫苯甲酰胺等;防治黏虫可选用高效氯氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯等;防治玉米锈病可选用烯唑醇、三唑酮、丙环唑等;防治玉米褐斑病、弯孢叶斑病、小斑病可选用代森锰锌、烯唑醇、丙环・嘧菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯等。

当玉米螟卵寄生率达到60%以以下时,可不施药而利用天敌控制;当益害比失调,可采用生物防治技术。在夏玉米田二代玉米螟产卵盛期,亩用16000IU/毫克的Bt200克,或8000IU/毫克的Bt350克,按药、水、干细沙0.4∶1∶10的比例配成颗粒剂丢入心叶内,或亩喷施10亿PIB/毫升甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒80~120毫升。喻寒松

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