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粮食产业须提高效益增强竞争力

2017-08-10 06:32:38   中国青年网

当前,我国粮食供求市场呈现阶段性特征与结构性矛盾:粮食生产量、进口量、库存量越来越多,粮食自给率却出现降低迹象。最新数据显示,当前粮食库存处于历史最高水平,玉米、稻谷等品种阶段性过剩。近两年我国跨省粮食流通量保持在3400亿斤左右,粮食进口量连续三年超过2000亿斤,其中大豆对外依存度达85%。

在我国粮食领域的主要矛盾已经由总量矛盾转变为结构性矛盾的背景下,推进粮食供给侧结构性改革势在必行。提高粮食产业经济效益,增强竞争力是强农富农的必经之路。

首先,要补上粮食供需脱节短板,拓展粮食全产业链的深度。目前,我国粮食收储、加工、运输、销售等环节是分散的,粮食产业缺乏全产业链控制与经营能力。粮食产业须从市场有效需求入手,改进品种结构及加工工艺,推进产业转型升级。要积极适应粮食产业从粗放向集中、从简单分工向复杂分工高级形式的演进,加快培育新的增长点。粮食部门要主动作为,探索建立“优质优价”粮食流通机制,引导农民调整粮食品种结构,推动粮食加工业改造升级,增加中高端产品和精深加工产品供应,要在保障“种粮卖得出、吃粮买得到”的基础上,进一步推动“种粮能赚钱、吃粮促健康”。

其次要以科技为抓手,拓宽粮食产业经济宽度。我国粮食企业科研经费投入远低于国际市场平均水平,技术成果转化不活跃,导致成品率低、食用率低、利用率低等诸多技术问题,粮食产品科技含量不高、粮食加工增值率低。在产业发展路径上,要充分结合中国现有粮食行业发展的既有资源,发展绿色粮食产业,培育新的产业增长点。以可持续发展为原则,加强粮食科技创新,升级粮食精深加工工艺,开发引领市场需求的新产品,拓展粮食加工领域,围绕产业链部署创新链,提高粮农收入,全面实现由“粮”到“食”的转变。

此外,还要做强做优做大农业龙头企业,扩大自主粮食企业品牌的影响力和竞争力。粮食产业的安全性、持续性发展离不开龙头企业的带动与引领。但国内粮食企业规模小、竞争力弱,生产力分散,缺乏横向和纵向产业之间的协同合作,很难与控制了全球粮食话语权的四大粮商抗衡。政府应积极扶持那些基础实力强、市场前景好、管理水平较高、增长潜力大的粮食加工转化企业,特别是在精深加工领域,培育品牌名牌,形成大型产业集团,从而培育具有国际竞争力的本土跨国粮商,在规模效应和协同效应下,提升产业集中度,以抗衡跨国粮商带来的风险与威胁。

粮食产业还要抓住“一带一路”建设的重大契机,加快“走出去”的步伐,积极推进战略性农业国际合作。同时,要利用好我国市场巨大的优势,推进互利共赢、双向开放,提升“走出去”企业与主要出口商的竞争力。支持粮食企业参与“一带一路”重点地区的产能合作,转移国内较过剩的粮食加工产能,着力统筹国际国内贸易资源,实现“买全球、卖全球”的粮食产业格局。

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