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组织债务能拖垮初创公司(经济透视)

2017-08-10 06:05:31   新华网

一个公司不仅会有金融方面的债务,还会有技术债务(即从短期利益的角度选择了一个易于实现的方案,但从长远看会带来更消极的影响)。对于初创公司而言,还容易碰到另一种比较致命的债务――组织债务。

组织债务是在企业刚成立时,许多人为了“先凑合做起来”而埋下的隐患。初创公司若想继续成长,必须认识到组织债务的存在,并及时消除它。

不久前,笔者与一位初创公司的首席执行官共进午餐。这家公司成长得很快,其营收从去年的4000万美元一跃到今年的8000万美元。它的主要业务是把一些传统杂志进行电子化,供用户在线阅读。凭借高关注度、目标群体明确以及每日更新的内容,加上公司的市场负责人非常精通于在社交媒体上造势,这家公司创造了约1000万美元的广告收入。不过,这家公司的首席执行官眼下因为过于专注于下一轮融资,开始疏于管理公司的组织债务:即如何进一步建设公司?如何留住公司的创始团队?

初创公司的领导者通常是善于发现创新点、并利用新概念吸引投资者的人,但他们往往缺乏对一个公司整体的组织管理能力,不懂得在成功创立一个公司后,如何建设它。公司往往花大气力研究如何高效执行业务,甚至营造出“允许在办公室遛狗”等颇具初创公司范儿的企业文化,却很少有人会认真考虑,如何处理前期累积的组织债务,也很少有人清楚,组织债务会迅速拖垮一个初创公司。

当一家公司度过艰难的创立阶段后,再用“这是一个发展平台”“潜在的独角兽”之类的许诺,已经不足以留住公司的元老级员工了,这些人恰恰是对公司情况最了如指掌、技能也最过硬的人。起步阶段,他们无法得到高薪,完全凭创业的理想和热情在工作。当公司获得了更多融资、财政状况更宽裕时,新进员工一开始就可能得到比元老们更高的薪水,不少老员工会感到不平衡。这时首席执行官们会发现,新员工如潮水般涌入,却无法受到相应的培训,因为能够培训新人的人都跳槽了。

那么,如何解决组织债务?

首先,在人事上,一方面要厘清新进人才如何融入公司工作流程等问题;另一方面,对公司元老要大方一些,流失元老级的人,会比失去新人损失更大。其次,砍掉不再需要的岗位,请走那些拖公司后腿的“关系户”等。第三,初创公司逐渐变成大公司时,企业文化也需改变,与此同时,随着公司壮大、员工增多,还需要建立有效的信息传达机制。最后,要重组董事会,董事会新成员必须明确了解,公司已由初创阶段过渡到了成长阶段,并以此为基础制定战略。

一家公司能闯过初创这一关实属不易,而在其建设阶段会面临更多挑战,重要挑战即包括组织债务,组织债务长期不被清理,必然将拖累公司的成长。

(作者为斯坦福大学兼职教授)

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