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中国疾控中心:南方和香港流感已开始回落 北方处于极低水平

2017-08-08 19:13:36   中国青年网

近期,媒体集中报道香港特区今夏流感疫情严重,并持续出现一定数量的流感相关严重病例和死亡个案。

本文图片均来自微信公众号“ 中国疾控动态” 我国内地的流感样病例与流感病毒监测结果显示,目前北方省份流感活动处于极低水平,南方省份夏季流行高峰总体高于往年同期,自6月中下旬开始,A(H3N2)亚型流感为主要流行毒株。我国住院病例流感监测结果显示,近期南方省份的流感确诊住院与死亡病例未见明显增加。近一周,我国南方地区和香港特区流感流行水平已开始回落。

我国已建成全国流感监测哨点医院和实验室网络体系,及时对流感病毒活动情况进行监测。中国疾病预防控制中心国家流感中心对近期我国内地流行的A(H3N2)亚型流感病毒进行基因特性分析结果显示,未发现可导致疾病严重程度和疫苗匹配性改变的病毒基因位点突变的情况。全国流感病毒抗原性分析也提示,病毒未发生明显的抗原性变化。

流感病结构示意图今年我国南方地区夏季流感流行水平较高,可能主要为以下原因:

一是去年冬季和今年春季,香港地区与南方省份流感活动水平较低,进入今年夏季流感流行季节后,人群免疫力普遍较低,对流感病毒易感;

二是季节性流感疫苗的保护期通常为6-8个月,而南方省份疫苗推荐接种时间为每年的10-11月,至次年6月份疫苗对流感病毒的保护性下降。

季节性流感的高峰

季节性流感在我国北方省份通常有一个冬春季流行高峰,南方省份有两个流行高峰,即冬春季和夏季。每年流感的季节性流行可导致大量的病例,多数为轻症病例,少数为出现并发症的重症病例。

季节性流感往往在不同年份呈现流行水平波动的特点,并会相应引起不同数量的住院甚至死亡病例。目前我国南方省份夏季流感流行高峰导致的重症与死亡病例未超出既往水平。

预防流感或流感严重并发症的最有效方法

预防流感或流感严重并发症的最有效方法是接种流感疫苗,孕妇、5岁以下婴幼儿、老人及患有慢性基础性疾病的人群是容易出现并发症的高危人群,建议高危人群优先接种流感疫苗。

奥司他韦等神经氨酸酶抑制剂对绝大部分流感病毒敏感,且在感染早期(症状出现后48小时内)给与抗病毒药物可有效减少严重的流感并发症和死亡;建议临床对于容易发生并发症的高危人群尽早使用抗病毒药物治疗。

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