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中央红军长征第一次翻越大雪山——夹金山

2017-08-04 18:36:37   新华网

新华社北京8月4日电 题:中央红军长征第一次翻越大雪山——夹金山

新华社记者梅世雄、解放军报记者张磊峰

“夹金山爬得好苦啊!”曾经担任过江西省安远县县长的老红军唐进新,生前接受记者采访时说。

“本来,我们南方人对雪山是比较熟悉的。但那个大雪山,一会儿大雪,一会儿冰雹,一会儿狂风,你不知道它下一步要干嘛。”当年,20岁的唐进新是著名的中央红军先锋团——红一方面军一军团二师四团的一名战士,翻越大雪山夹金山在他的脑海中留下永不磨灭的记忆。

“位于川西的夹金山,是中央红军长征中翻越的第一座大雪山。”军事科学院研究员翟清华说。

翟清华介绍,为尽快甩开追在身后的敌人,迅速实现与红四方面军的会合,开创革命新的局面,中央红军决定,选择雪山草地一线敌人较少的地区,以达到快速行军的目的。

“我们红四团作为先锋团,在团长王开湘、政委杨成武的率领下,来到夹金山脚下,准备翻越这座海拔四千多米的大雪山。”唐进新生前回忆。

夹金山,是邛崃山脉南部的高山。山上云雾缭绕,白雪皑皑,积雪终年不化,空气稀薄,没有道路,没有人烟,气候变幻无常,时阴时晴,时雪时雨,忽而冰雹骤降,忽而狂风大作,有“神山”之称。

为安全翻越大雪山,王开湘、杨成武等人找当地居民讨教过山的办法。

当地老人告诉红军指挥员,要上午九点之后登山,下午三点之前下山。因为早晚太冷,中间时段的温度高一些。不要在山上过夜;要用布条遮挡眼睛,防止雪光弄坏了眼睛;上山要走稳,不要停留太久,千万不要坐下;山上寒冷,要多穿点衣服;带上烈酒、辣椒等,好抵御寒气等等。

红四团在当地一位藏族青年和一名汉族青年的引导下,开始翻越夹金山。

唐进新生前回忆,当时是夏天,战士们身上都穿着单衣。“雪山上零下几十摄氏度,好多战友都被冻死了。”

接近山顶时,天空突然乌云翻滚,狂风大作,大雪夹着鸡蛋般大小的冰雹劈头盖脸地砸下来。有的伤病员经不住冰雹、风雪、寒冷和饥饿的袭击而牺牲了;更多的同志还来不及反应,就被风雪和冰雹打入了山崖下,再也没能爬上来……有许多同志连名字也没留下,但更多坚韧不拔的战士,顶着饥饿和寒冷的侵袭,冒着冰雹和风雪的打击,艰难地向前行进。

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