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司法是维护社会公平正义的最后一道防线

2017-08-04 09:22:54   新华网

公平正义是中国特色社会主义的内在要求,是我们党追求的一个十分崇高的价值目标。全面依法治国,必须紧紧围绕保障和促进社会公平正义来进行。习近平总书记强调,要“努力让人民群众在每一个司法案件中都能感受到公平正义,决不能让不公正的审判伤害人民群众感情、损害人民群众权益”。司法活动必须追求公平正义,保护人民权益、伸张正义。

早在古希腊时期,法治理论的奠基者亚里士多德就说过:“在争论不休的时候,人们就诉诸裁判者,去找裁判者就是找公正。裁判者被当作公正的化身。”资产阶级学者发挥了这一观点,特别是美国的违宪审查把这一观点神圣化了,德沃金曾经把法院称为法律帝国的首都。20世纪60年代,欧洲法学家提出了“保障公民获得司法正义的权利”的口号,并在西方世界掀起过“获得司法正义的权利”运动。很显然,这是西方鼓吹的司法遮羞布,实际情况却恰恰相反,比如美国白人警察枪杀黑人而被无罪释放比比皆是。

尽管西方学者没有也不可能提出“司法是维护社会公平正义的最后一道防线”这样的科学命题,但他们提出了一些值得我们思考和借鉴的论点。比如英国哲学家培根曾说:“一次不公正的裁判,其恶果甚至超过十次犯罪,因为犯罪虽然无视法律——好比污染了水流,而不公正的审判则毁坏法律——好比污染了水源。”这段话的道理非常深刻,值得我们借鉴。可以说,中国的司法发展离不开对人类法治文明的借鉴、继承和创新。

社会主义制度为公正司法提供了制度保证。社会主义司法制度作为社会主义制度的重要组成部分,维护社会公平是其内在价值追求,必然要求司法成为保护社会公平正义的坚固防线。社会主义司法是人民的司法,司法为民既是根本宗旨,又是其实现的目标。因此,社会主义的优越性,不仅表现在政治上经济上,而且也表现在司法上,不仅要求司法为民,还要求司法公正。就是说,维护社会公平正义、以人民为中心就是社会主义司法的本质属性。同时,中国特色社会主义司法制度坚持“两个公正”,即实体公正与程序公正,这是它的根本属性和原则,这为实现司法公正提供了保障。

司法是法律实施的核心部分,公正裁判又是司法的灵魂,它不仅使人民在每个具体案件中感受到公平正义,而且是对社会公正的一个重大推动和引领。之所以说司法是维护社会公平正义的最后一道防线,主要体现在以下几个方面:

第一,司法具有定分止争的终局性作用。法律具有定分止争的功能,司法审判具有终局性的作用,对纠纷实行司法最终解决原则。所谓公正司法,就是受到侵害的权利最终必定会得到保护和救济,违法犯罪活动最终必定要受到制裁和惩罚。如果人民群众通过司法这个武器都不能保证自己的合法权利,那司法就没有公信力,人民群众也不会相信司法。司法不公导致的冤假错案,损害的不仅仅是人民的合法权益,更是法律的尊严和权威,是人们对社会公平正义的信心。

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