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国家铁路晒账本:铁总去年赚10亿 还是税务帮忙

2017-05-02 04:51:06   

每经记者 赵天宇 每经编辑 陈俊杰

中国铁路总公司(以下简称中铁总)日前公布了2016年年度报告,报告期内,收入合计9074.48亿元,较上年下降0.97个百分点;利润总额396.45亿元,较上年下降34.8个百分点,全年实现净利润10.76亿元。2016年末资产负债率为65%,近3年来亦稳定在这一水平。

近年来,中铁总的货运与客运收入呈现出此消彼长的态势。2016年,中铁总货运收入为2574.78亿元,自2014年起逐年下滑;客运收入则逐渐增长,2016年达到2817.47亿元,较上年同期增长12.4个百分点。北京交通大学教授赵坚对《每日经济新闻》记者分析,煤炭占铁路货运量的一半以上,煤炭需求下降是铁路货运收入降低的原因之一。

2016年,中铁总税前利润-11.73亿元,所得税-22.49亿元,因而净利润为10.76亿元,这也是近3年来中铁总首次所得税一项为负值。此外,中铁总近3年来的主业运输业务毛利率为负值,其他业务毛利率则高达40%左右,对中铁总业绩功不可没。而铁路乘客所熟悉的“花生瓜子矿泉水”等零售业务也包括在其他业务中,但对收入贡献很小。

昨日,记者试图询问中铁总相关情况,但截至发稿未获回复。

 客运收入首次超货运

2016年,中铁总的运输收入合计为5928.36亿元,占总收入的65.3%,较2015年上升。其中,2016年货运收入2574.78亿元,占总收入的28.37%;客运收入2817.47亿元,占比31%,这也是近3年来中铁总的客运收入首次超过货运。

赵坚表示,铁路货运以煤炭运输及大宗矿产为主,其中煤炭占到铁路货运量的一半以上,而煤炭需求下降是铁路货运收入降低的原因之一。与之相对,客运收入的显著增长则在于投运的高铁增多,近年来客运量的增量主要来自高铁,同时高铁也会带动既有线路上的出行需求。

高铁的盈利能力正在逐步显现。2015年,京沪高铁净赚66亿元,沪宁、宁杭、广深高铁也已经分别实现净利润6.41亿元、1.01亿元和1.77亿元。其中,京沪、宁杭、广深都是在2015年实现扭亏为盈。换言之,历经长达10年的高速建设和发展,中国高铁盈利图谱已具雏形,去年至少已经有6条东部沿海线路实现盈利。

另据中铁总官网显示,2016年国家铁路发送旅客27.7亿人。2016年,中铁总客运收入为2817.47亿元,由此推算可知2016年平均每人次贡献铁路收入约为100元;另根据国家统计局数据,2016年年末中国大陆总人口138271万人,据此推算,2016年全年平均每人乘坐铁路交通2次。

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