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国产C919大飞机成功试验“高抬腿” 将择机首飞

2017-04-23 11:10:52   

原标题:国产C919大飞机成功试验“高抬腿”

今天上午,C919大型客机计划完成三次高速滑行抬前轮试验,截至发稿时,前两次试验已经顺利完成。

今年上午8:30-11:00,C919国产大型客机101架机在浦东机场正式进行高速滑行抬前轮试验。

中国商飞相关负责人介绍,这是C919大型客机第四次高速滑行试验,也是第一次在高速滑行中抬起前轮的试验。试验中,飞机要达到超过80海里的滑行速度,然后前轮抬起、机头微微仰起,达到起飞临界状态。

今天上午,C919大型客机计划完成三次高速滑行抬前轮试验,截至发稿时,前两次试验已经顺利完成。

航空业内人士介绍,飞机地面滑行试验,就是一架飞机在不离开地面起飞的状态下进行滑行,是一架飞机由静到动的开始。

地面滑行是飞机首飞前必须进行的一项验证试验,通过地面滑行确认飞机在设计和制造上暴露出的一些问题,并将其解决,为试飞机组熟悉飞机、实现安全首飞奠定基础。

为保证试验安全,地面滑行从低速滑行、中速滑行到高速滑行,是一个循序渐进的过程。对于民用飞机而言,一般低速滑行是将飞机的速度控制在时速40海里以内,中速滑行的速度为时速40-80海里,时速超过80海里则为高速滑行。其中,高速滑行试验中的前轮抬起试验,是飞机首飞前的最后一个环节。

业内专家介绍,一架飞机起飞升空,一般分为起飞滑跑、抬轮离地、初始上升三个阶段。抬轮离地的关键在于速度和前轮抬起的高度。虽然只是前轮抬起一个简单动作,但其中学问不小、难度不低,尤其是对于第一架国产大型客机来说,是首飞前必须稳稳迈过的一道关卡。

起飞时,如果抬前轮时机过早,飞机以小速度升空,稳定性和操纵性就会变得较差。因为小速度升空的安全裕量小,在升空后的机动飞行如侧风修正时,将使飞机失速的危险性增加。小速度升空,还可导致飞机升空后由于地面效应的减弱或消失,使飞机升力重新小于重力,导致飞机再次接地,危及飞行安全。

另一方面,如果抬前轮时机过晚,飞机以大速度离地,则起飞滑跑距离过长,起飞性能差。因此、应严格按照手册中规定的抬前轮速度拉杆,手册中的抬前轮速度是基于各种因素。同时考虑到安全和起飞性能裕度科学制定的。

另外,前轮抬起高度过低会使飞机迎角过小,导致两点滑跑段增长,起飞性能差。前轮抬起过高会使迎角过大,导致飞机迅速升空。安全裕度小。仰角过大,还可能造成机尾擦地。因此,前轮抬起高度应严格按照手册中规定的离地姿态进行。

从目前试验现场情况看,C919大型客机第一次抬起前轮,速度、时机和高度均合适、正常。“从当前准备情况看,飞机和试飞员的状态都比较出色,各方面表现稳定正常。”中国商飞相关负责人介绍,目前C919大型客机已经通过放飞评审,高滑相关试验全部完成后,将择机首飞。

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