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京津冀雾霾来自蒙陕晋三省份? 专家辟谣

2016-12-21 00:10:27   

大气中PM2.5的主要化学组分包括:有机物质、元素碳、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、铵盐、氯盐等。各地来源解析结果表明,目前PM2.5的主要来源是燃煤、工业、机动车、扬尘和生物质燃烧等。

各城市和地区视产业结构等有所不同,例如北京、上海等大城市工业和能源生产行业排放较少,机动车对PM2.5的贡献相对较大。

问题:4:现在都发大招了,仍出现严重污染,治理方法是不是有问题?

清华大学贺克斌院士:数据反映京津冀区域大气PM2.5浓度在逐年下降。2013年,北京的PM2.5年均浓度为89.5微克/立方米;2014年降到85.9微克/立方米;2015年继续下降,为80.6微克/立方米。

截至目前,北京市今年的PM2.5平均浓度为69微克/立方米,比去年同期下降9.2%;河北省的PM2.5平均浓度为70微克/立方米,比去年同期下降9.1%。

今年北京、天津、河北的优良天都比去年小幅增加。入冬后重污染天气频发,表明下一步要继续强化京津冀区域冬季污染防治工作,把冬季采暖期间的污染物排放强度降下来。

问题5:抗霾只能等风?

清华大学王书肖教授:污染的治理很难一蹴而就。京津冀区域正处在工业化和后工业化过程叠加的时期,燃煤、工业、机动车和居民生活排放量都处于高位,大气污染防治任务还很艰巨。

要彻底改善环境空气质量,必须坚持不懈地扎实推进污染物减排工作。我们既要对区域联防联控应对重污染天气有信心,也要对大气污染治理的长期过程有耐心。只要全社会共同减排,重污染天气就会越来越少,环境空气质量就会越来越好。

问题6:治雾霾为什么只拿机动车开刀?

北京工业大学程水源教授:北京本地污染源贡献中,机动车排放占比为31.1%,燃煤占22.4%,工业生产占18.1%,扬尘占14.3%。因此北京市重点控制机动车污染是十分必要的。

控制机动车排放仅是治理空气污染的一个环节,北京市还实施了很多其他措施,如大力压减燃煤、民用散煤清洁化、燃煤小锅炉和“散小乱污”企业的淘汰治理、建筑施工扬尘管控等。

京津冀及周边地区各省市也持续推进散煤清洁化替代、燃煤小锅炉“清零”工程、“散小乱污”企业关停淘汰任务、重点行业污染治理、强化机动车污染防治等措施,减少燃煤、特别是冬季散煤使用量,提高工业企业治污效率等。

问题7:“煤改气”加剧了北京雾霾污染?

中科院大气物理所王自发研究员:据估算,我国每年燃烧天然气产生的气态水在3亿吨左右,假如全部转化成液态水,仅占大气中可降水量的几十万分之一,影响微乎其微。“煤改气”不会显著增加北京市大气湿度,不是当地“丰富水汽”主要来源。

南开大学冯银厂教授:“煤改气”如果采用了低氮燃烧技术,氮氧化物的排放量就会降低。我国脱硝比脱硫起步晚,近年来氮氧化物浓度下降并不像二氧化硫那么显著。不能因为氮氧化物浓度没有明显下降,颗粒物污染依然严重,就说是“煤改气”造成的,是不科学的。

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