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媒体:三沙能成为中国版“开曼群岛”吗?

2016-11-23 05:36:42   新京报

原标题:三沙能成为中国版“开曼群岛”吗?

三沙要想成为中国版“开曼群岛”,需要在立法、金融开放和基础设施方面做出巨大的努力,方有可能成功。

11月22日,三沙市副市长冯文海在三沙市二届人大一次会议上作《政府工作报告》时透露,设市以来共有16家世界500强企业登记注册。

知名企业入驻三沙,似乎顺应了今年3月全国两会上的一宗提案,即全国政协委员、政协外事委员会副主任韩方明提案建议将西沙群岛的永兴岛建成全球离岸公司注册地。那么,三沙市当前开放工商注册政策、招揽企业登记入驻的成绩,是否说明三沙市正在具备成为全球离岸公司注册地的条件?或者说,三沙是否有望成为中国版“开曼群岛”?

在笔者看来,三沙难以成为中国的“开曼群岛”。就目前的条件来看,三沙或其管辖下的岛屿成为全球知名离岸公司注册地仍然面临很多制度性难题。

首先,目前世界上主要的离岸公司注册地多是发达国家的属地,这是有理由的。比如开曼群岛、英属维京群岛、百慕大,都是英国的海外属地,这些地区与英国本土相比,自治水平较高,具备离岸公司注册地要求的成熟的相关制度配套,得益于此,才具有了开放、透明的企业注册和金融服务。三沙市虽然也是群岛,但在制度属性上与上述地区完全不同,要改变这一属性,需要通过立法完善相关的制度配套,难度很大。

其次,也是更为关键的是,一个地区要成为全球离岸公司注册地,不仅要有便利的登记注册制度和相对宽松的财税政策,还应放开资本项目,提高金融活力。而目前我国仍然实行一定程度的金融管制,难以满足上述条件。

注册登记上的便利和财税上优惠政策,是三沙市吸引外来企业登记注册的主要优势。但在关键的资本自由流通方面,我国的金融政策仍然会保持渐进开放的趋势,与离岸公司注册地要求的资本自由流通差距不小。目前学界和实务界对金融开放风险方面,意见分歧很大。

此外,从知名离岸公司注册地的建设经验来看,离岸公司注册地对基础设施等硬件的建设也有一定要求。而目前,三沙市的设市时间仅有四年,虽然设市后的城市开发大幅提速,但开发时间较短,在基础设施等硬件配套方面与全球离岸公司注册地的要求还存在较大的差距。

当然,需要特别强调的是,硬件建设是可以弥补的,但立法开路、放开金融管制等软环境的建设才是催生离岸公司注册地的根本条件,而这些条件,三沙在短期内恐怕很难具备。

总的来说,三沙设市以来能争取到16家世界500强企业在当地登记注册,与三沙战略地位的特殊性有关,与其设市仅仅四年、开发空间巨大有关,更与三沙政府的工商注册政策、税收优惠有关。在上述因素的驱动下,三沙市未来的快速发展是可期的。但在制度障碍明显、国内金融市场开放程度有限、基础设施等硬件配套仍未成熟的情况下,至少在短期内,三沙不太可能成为中国版“开曼群岛”。

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