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中国将在明年发射首艘货运飞船 启动第三批航天员选拔

2016-11-20 09:36:39   央广网

原标题:明年我国将发射首艘货运飞船启动第三批航天员选拔

央广网北京11月20日消息(记者马喆张棉棉)据中国之声《新闻纵横》报道,神舟十一号和天宫二号飞行任务的成功,为我国空间站建造运营和航天员长期驻留奠定了坚实的基础。按照计划,我国将在明年发射首艘货运飞船:天舟一号,启动第三批航天员的选拔,并将在2022年前后,建成和运营载人空间站。面对茫茫宇宙,中国航天的未来之路将怎样走?面对璀璨星空,中国航天有哪些值得公众期待?

神舟十一号和天宫二号飞行任务的成功,表明我国已经基本具备了长期载人航天飞行驻留保障的技术。按照规划,我国的空间站工程,分为空间实验室和空间站两个阶段实施。空间实验室阶段共实施四次飞行任务,包括长征七号运载火箭首飞、天宫二号飞行任务、神舟十一号飞行任务和天舟一号飞行任务。

目前,空间实验室任务的前三项都已经顺利实施,只剩天舟一号。中国载人航天工程办公室主任王兆耀介绍,明年上半年我国将发射首艘货运飞船天舟一号,天舟一号将对在轨的天宫二号实施推进剂的补加。

据王兆耀介绍,货运飞船天舟一号是我国全新的飞行器,主要承担为空间站运送一些消耗物品,航天员的消耗品、吃的用的、推进剂、维修设备、维修器材和试验载荷设备,并且下行销毁一些空间站废弃物。第一艘货运飞船天舟一号正在总装测试,计划明年上半年在海南航天文昌发射场发射,与天宫二号进行交会对接,开展推进剂补加试验。

为了维持空间站的长期在轨运行,推进剂补加是必备技术。航天科技集团五院502所推进产品中心副主任陈君用普通的加油过程进行类比,只不过,推进剂的补加是在太空高速运行的两个航天器之间完成。陈君指出,需要一个平台,这个平台只带推进剂和一些简单功能,大部分是推进剂。应该有个送油口送过去,卫星平台底下有个受油口,就像加油一样,能让油枪加进去。

天舟一号的发射,将由今年6月刚刚首飞的长征七号火箭承担。航天科技集团副总经理杨保华表示,这将是长征七号的第二枚火箭。后续在空间站建设和运营任务中,长征七号运载火箭将与货运飞船组成货物运输系统,承担为空间站运送补给物资和补加推进剂的任务。

在完成空间实验室任务后,我国将在2022年前后,建成和运营载人空间站,掌握近地空间长期载人飞行技术,具备长期开展近地空间有人参与科学实验、技术试验和综合开发利用太空资源的能力。神舟十一号制导、导航与控制分系统副主任设计师胡海霞表示,我国的空间站核心舱会有多个接口,用于对接不同的载人飞船和货运飞船。可能后续任务会比较多一些,比如半年发射一次,既有载人飞船,又有货运飞船。空间站的核心舱也有好几个对接口,不同的船来访对接不同的对接口,后续就围绕空间站开展对接任务。

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