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新华社三问大闸蟹遭二恶英污染:是否有害健康?

2016-11-08 13:39:13   新华网

原标题:是否有害健康 标准是否缺失?三问大闸蟹遭二恶英污染

新华网上海11月4日新媒体专电 题:是否有害健康 标准是否缺失?三问大闸蟹遭二恶英污染

新华社“中国网事”记者 周琳 刘巍巍

香港食物环境卫生署食物安全中心(简称“香港食安中心”)1日公布江苏两家企业的大闸蟹二恶英超标。江苏省有关部门回应称,对涉事两家企业的全部大闸蟹禁止进入市场销售,并组成联合调查组调查溯源。

此事曝出后,有网民甚至认为“市面上大闸蟹甚至水产,都不能吃了”。专家表示轻视其危害或过分恐惧都是片面的态度。面对污染,不要谈毒色变,而应科学对待。只有科学的认识,才能找到更好的控制措施,防患于未然。

是否有害健康?尚未超过安全线,但风险不容忽视

记者采访了解到,本次涉事的两家企业分别为吴江万顷太湖蟹养殖有限公司,供港大闸蟹量3.8吨;以及江苏太湖水产有限公司,2016年度供货210吨。据香港食安中心的最新回复,大部分涉事大闸蟹已低价出售。截至3日,进口商共回收约800公斤大闸蟹。另已将六个样本交予政府化验所进行测试,预计两星期内会有测试结果。

据专家介绍,二恶英是一组对环境具有持久性污染力的化学物质,也是一类剧毒物质,可导致生殖和发育问题,损害免疫系统,干扰激素。它既可以从天然途径释出,亦会透过工业活动以副产品的形式产生,例如在冶炼金属、制模或燃烧含氯的有机化学品(如塑胶)时,均会产生。由于其是脂溶性的,不易分解,因此多积聚在脂肪组织,并于食物链内积聚。

香港限定每克食物样本的二恶英和二恶英样多氯联苯总含量不可超过六点五皮克毒性当量(湿重计)。此次香港通报的超限大闸蟹样本,被检出二恶英和二恶英样多氯联苯含量为每克食物11.7和40.3皮克毒性当量,超出了上述限量。

这是否就代表吃了这些大闸蟹一定会损害健康呢?食品安全科普作家阮光锋认为,并不一定。联合国粮食及农业组织、世界卫生组织制定的安全参考值(即暂定每月可容忍摄入量)为每月每公斤体重70皮克毒性当量,而且是终生每个月都超过这个量才会有害。测算发现,一个体重60公斤的正常人,大约每个月要吃14只螃蟹(每只四两重计)才可能超过。“大闸蟹是应季商品,不用过分担心。”

不过专家表示,随着我国居民饮食结构的变化,二恶英在体内的累积问题不应被忽视。兰州大学资源环境学院马建民和黄韬课题组的研究结果发现,虽然我国居民的动物源食品的平均摄入量仍低于西方国家,但由于我国二恶英的环境水平增长较快,由此产生的我国居民的二恶英风险不容忽视。

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