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长征火箭第238次发射 这次填补了一项国内空白(图)

2016-11-03 22:28:00   央广网

原标题:我国最大推力新一代运载火箭长征五号首飞获得圆满成功

此次发射成功,标志着我国运载火箭实现升级换代,运载能力进入国际先进行列……

​ 记者从国防科工局、国家航天局获悉,11月3日20时43分,我国最大推力新一代运载火箭长征五号,在中国文昌航天发射场点火升空,约30分钟后,载荷组合体与火箭成功分离,进入预定轨道,长征五号运载火箭首次发射任务取得圆满成功。此次发射成功,标志着我国运载火箭实现升级换代,运载能力进入国际先进行列,是由航天大国迈向航天强国的关键一步。

​ 长征五号是无毒无污染绿色环保型新一代运载火箭的基本型,火箭采用5米直径芯级,捆绑4枚3.35米直径助推器,全长约57米,起飞重量约870吨,起飞推力超过1000吨。长征五号首次采用芯一级2台50吨级氢氧发动机与4枚助推器各2台120吨级液氧煤油发动机的组合起飞方案,10台发动机同时点火,实现了我国异型发动机起飞技术的重大突破。

长征五号运载火箭工程实现了我国液体运载火箭直径由3.35米至5米的跨越,填补了我国大推力无毒无污染液体火箭发动机的空白,代表了我国运载火箭科技创新的最高水平,为我国新一代运载火箭系列化、型谱化发展奠定了坚实的技术基础,是实现未来探月工程三期、载人空间站、首次火星探测任务等国家重大科技专项和重大工程的重要基础和前提保障。

长征五号运载火箭工程于2006年经国务院批准立项研制,由国家国防科技工业局牵头组织实施,中国航天科技集团公司所属中国运载火箭技术研究院抓总研制。遵循“发展航天、运载先行”,“运载发展、动力先行”的理念,2000年,我国先行启动了120吨级液氧煤油发动机和50吨级液氢液氧发动机研制攻关,其科研成果直接转化支撑了长征六号、长征七号等新型运载火箭研制并首飞成功。

此次长征五号运载火箭搭载的是由远征二号上面级和实践十七号卫星组成的载荷组合体。远征二号上面级是我国目前规模最大、变轨能力最强的液体动力上面级,与长征五号运载火箭组合使用后,可有效提升一箭多星发射并直接入轨的能力,进一步提高长征五号运载火箭发射任务适用性和使用灵活性。实践十七号卫星是由中国航天科技集团公司所属中国空间技术研究院抓总研制的地球同步轨道新技术验证卫星。卫星入轨后,中国卫通集团有限公司将开展地球同步轨道通信广播业务,并择机开展空间碎片观测、新型电源、电推进等多项新技术验证工作。

长征五号运载火箭在首次使用的中国文昌航天发射场1号工位成功实施发射。文昌发射场是我国第一个滨海航天发射场,具有纬度低、发射效率高、射向宽、运输便捷等优势,能够满足新一代运载火箭和新型航天器发射任务需求。长征五号运载火箭飞行控制中心由西安卫星测控中心承担工程负责对火箭基础级、上面级进行跟踪测量,以及载荷在轨测试和长期管理。

这是长征系列运载火箭的第238次发射。

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