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媒体:歼-20首秀,中国制空能力离美俄还有多远

2016-11-02 08:17:30   新京报 作者:谢永亮

原标题:歼-20首秀,中国制空能力离美俄还有多远

歼-20此次180度极小半径回旋表演动作对发动机要求非常高。新式战机高难度亮相,表明中国空军已经突破了失速尾旋这个困扰国产三角翼战机的“死亡陷阱”。

昨天,第十一届中国航展在珠海开幕。本届航展共有11类160多项核心航空产品和系统展示,其中63项以实物展示,57项为首次展出。一些国内外军迷都十分关注的机型也加入展示,其中,一直带着神秘光环的中国新一代隐形战斗机歼-20,首次亮相。

正所谓外行看热闹,内行看门道。歼-20此次180度极小半径回旋表演,飞行员的技术的确值得赞叹,但更重要是,这个动作对发动机要求非常高。新式战机高难度亮相,表明中国空军已经突破了失速尾旋这个困扰国产三角翼战机的“死亡陷阱”,推力矢量发动机技术也不再是难题。

很多人对歼-20可能并不了解。歼-20是由中国航空工业集团研制的新一代隐形战机。2011年1月,第一架歼-20验证机在成都实现首飞,并引发海内外极大关注,许多军事爱好者将该战机取名为“黑色四代机”,昵称“黑丝带”。有人称,歼-20的出现将可比肩美国生产的F-22战斗机。

歼-20的突破性表现在,突破了制约隐身性能的气动、材料、电子、机械等方面的核心技术。它能够依靠自身传感器实时享用战场网络态势信息;而融网和体系黏合技术的突破,能帮助歼-20和其他先进装备一起,有效提升整个空中编队的作战效能,实现空中力量的“倍增”。可以说,随着歼-20的批量生产和后续持续改进发展,以歼-20为代表的多种新型战机,将给中国空军带来革命性的进步,引领中国空军进入“隐形时代”。

不过,比航展上刺激眼球的各式新型战机更令人关注的是,中国空军功能齐全的作战系统与制空体系建设。目前,以预警机为中心的空中指挥系统,伴随大型运输机、远程轰炸机、空中加油机的不断入役,中国已经拥有全部海岸线、内陆和亚太部分地区的全面制空能力。很显然,在空军发展及制空能力上,中国的进步越来越大,但必须清醒的是:理性和对于客观规律的尊重,才是看待中国制空能力建设的应有态度。

制空能力建设是一个异常复杂、极其严密的系统工程,实现根本性突破必然要经过深厚的积淀。无论是配套设施建设、作战经验积累、体系融合调适、专业化人才队伍建设和核心技术突破等都不可能一蹴而就,需要长时间积累。我们需要自信,但再多爱国热情与民族情结,也不能无视制空能力生成客观规律的存在。

中国缺乏研制第五代战斗机的技术基础与经验,歼-20首秀,对于全面提升中国制空能力来说,也只是万里长征第一步。与美国F-22战机多次投入实战形成鲜明对比的是,中国新型战机几乎没有实战经验,歼-20能否在未来的作战实践中交出满意答卷,还有无数的未知等待我们去解答。

客观地说,中国制空能力建设正在加速触摸世界高点的征途当中,但至于何时能够占据世界制高点,目前很难给出一个明确答案。系列能够与美俄掰手腕的先进战机亮相航展,值得瞩目;但却不能因此懈怠,中国距离世界顶尖制空能力强国,还有不小一段距离。(谢永亮军事科学院博士)

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