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大熊猫被从濒危物种名单除名 专家:有欠考虑

2016-10-21 10:50:30   新华网

原标题:陕秦岭野外大熊猫约345只 生存状况仍不乐观 

西安新闻网-西安晚报讯(记者张松通讯员吴燕峰)日前,国际环保组织世界自然保护联盟 (IUCN)发布报告,在全球濒危物种名单上将大熊猫除名,保护等级由“濒危”降级为“易危”。业内人士对此持何种观点?大熊猫保护现状如何?带着这些疑 问,记者采访了佛坪国家级自然保护区管理局(以下简称佛保局)有关专家。

“大熊猫被‘降级’,这是对中国保护大熊猫工作的肯定!”佛保局保护科研科科长党高弟告诉记者,2015年中国第四次大熊猫调查结果显示,大熊猫野外种群数量为1864只,比10年前第三次大熊猫调查结果的1596只多了268只,陕西秦岭地区野外生存有大熊猫约345只,较10年前增加72 只,增长率为全国最高,种群密度为每平方公里0.096只,分布密度为全国最大。

“根据调查数据,大熊猫保护工作总体情况是好的,但因此就下调大熊猫的受威胁等级,我觉得有欠考虑,会让很多潜在风险被忽略。”在佛坪保护区从 事大熊猫保护工作31年的党高弟说,大熊猫是最容易受伤害的动物之一,不同阶段都有天敌。金雕、黄鼠狼、豹猫等袭击熊猫幼崽和年老体弱者;大熊猫发情期 “比武招亲”的求偶方式,导致雄性大熊猫常在争夺配偶的打斗中受伤甚至被打死;大熊猫高度特化的食竹生活习性,导致营养缺乏身体衰弱,牙齿过早磨损、机能 退化;蛔虫病也是导致大熊猫死亡的主要原因之一。加之自然隔离和人类活动,大熊猫栖息地破碎化形势严重,这些都给大熊猫的生存造成一定影响。

佛保局公众教育科主任何少文告诉记者,大熊猫野外繁殖的低生育、低成活,也是面临的诸多生存挑战之一。大熊猫发情期很短,一年内雄性大熊猫发情期约持续30~40天,雌性大熊猫能成功受孕的却只有几天,要很好地把握在发情期内顺利交配且成功孕育幼崽,困难重重。

“认识一个物种真实的生存状态,应该更多地以野外种群生存繁衍状态来衡量。保护大熊猫,爱心应升级!”佛保局高级工程师曹庆表示,有赖于高科技,每年都有人工繁育的大熊猫呱呱落地,这的确令人欣慰,但也影响了世人对大熊猫野外种群真实生存状态的了解。

“把大熊猫‘降级’,没有全面考虑大熊猫的种群、栖息地、自然灾害等情况,草率降低大熊猫的保护等级,会导致大熊猫种群和栖息地遭到难以弥补的 损失和破坏,丧失已经取得的保护成果,特别是部分局域小种群随时可能灭绝。”党高弟说,“作为一线工作者,我们还是会一如既往地全身心投入保护工作,以前 怎么做,以后还是怎么做。”

来源:西安晚报

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