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养老金个账空账率超九成 将来兑现或入不敷出

2016-10-15 13:10:58   华夏时报

原标题:养老金个账空账率超九成 将来兑现或入不敷出

近日,一份由人社部社会保险事业管理中心发布的《中国社会保险发展年度报告2015》(以下简称《报告》)显示,去年黑龙江、辽宁、吉林、河北、陕西和青海六省份的城镇企业职工养老保险基金当期收不抵支,并且,个人账户基金从2014年的5001亿元下降到3274亿元。

“这是自2001年坐实个人账户试点以来,首次出现下降,此前,历年的账户资产变动都是每年呈增加趋势。”10月14日,中国社科院世界社保研究中心主任郑秉文接受记者采访时表示,从2001年起,中央开始试点坐实个人账户,试点省份从辽宁等东北三省扩大到上海等13个省份,然而效果很不理想。

根据统计数据来看,截至2015年底,全国的个人账户记账总额已高达47144亿元,而账户里实实在在的资金还不到十分之一,个人账户空账问题依然存在。

空账率超九成

多年来,我国社保的覆盖面以及服务能力大幅提升,但是,城镇职工基本养老保险制度财务不可持续的问题依然十分突出。

1997年的养老金制度改革后,中国的基本养老金采取统账结合的模式,也就是既包含现收现付制的社会统筹部分,由年轻一代缴费来赡养退休者,也包含累积制的个人账户。企业缴纳的部分进入社会统筹,城镇职工按本人缴费工资基数8%的数额,为其建立基本养老保险个人账户,并全部由个人缴费形成,个人账户储存额只用于参保人员养老,不得提前支取,每年按照国家统一公布的记账利率计算利息,免征利息税。

但是,随着老年人数量的大幅增加带来的巨大支付压力,社会统筹不足以支撑,为此,大部分地区的个人账户资金被挪用于当期支付。

1997年,全国个人账户空账规模为140多亿元,1998年为450亿元,此后不过两年时间,全国个人账户的空账规模增长近4倍,2000年为2000亿元。

面对不断高涨的个人账户空账规模,2001年,中央选择在辽宁等地试点坐实个人账户,2008年扩大到13个省份,但是实施难度较大,空账规模越来越大,每年仍在增加。自2008年之后,再没有任何一个省份愿意加入到坐实个人账户的行列中来,主要是由于转型成本的解决没有法治化、力度有限,中央财政仅对少数几个省进行数量有限的配比补贴,东部发达地区的试点省份完全由地方财政解决,大部分地方政府积极性不高。

“坐实个人账户资金量太大,各级政府都拿不出,更重要的是他们也不情愿,因为财政的钱都是老百姓的税收钱,眼睁睁地看着它每天在缩水还往账户里扔,这是不合理的,也肯定是大家都不愿看到的。”郑秉文表示。

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