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中加签署协定:跨境追赃分享返还比例视办案贡献定

2016-09-23 10:37:55   法制日报

原标题:中国海外追逃追赃的“一个里程碑”

当地时间9月22日,中国政府和加拿大政府在加拿大签订了《中加关于分享和返还被追缴资产的协定》。这是我国在追缴犯罪所得领域对外缔结的首个专门协定,也是我国在海外追逃追赃方面取得的“一个里程碑”式的重大进展。

该协定有哪些具体内容?对我国海外追逃追赃工作有哪些意义?协定签署的背景是什么?《法制日报》记者专访了外交部境外追逃和国际执法合作特别协调员孙昂,请他对该协定进行详细解读。

记者:请简要介绍一下这个协定的内容和意义?

孙昂:正如协定标题所显示的,中国政府和加拿大政府之间刚刚签订的这项协定包括“返还”和“分享”两个方面。

如果一方法院认定犯罪所得属于另一方或其境内的企业、个人合法所有,犯罪所得将依法“返还”。如果无法认定犯罪所得的合法所有人,一方没收后可依法与另一方“分享”没收资产,分享比例根据另一方提供的协助大小确定。协定还明确了资产返还以及分享的程序和途径。

本协定的意义可以概括为三个“一”:即“一个信号”,协定彰显了中国政府在国际追赃合作领域特别是追缴境外腐败资产的坚强决心,向犯罪分子发出了一个强烈信号,境外不是犯罪所得的“避风港”,不要以为赃款转移到外国就安全了,不要以为即使嫌犯落网归案,家人仍可在外坐拥金山银山。以身试法的后果只能是身陷法网,人财两空;“一个里程碑”,本协定是我国在追缴犯罪所得领域对外缔结的第一个专门协定。在国际司法执法合作领域,长期存在着追赃难于追逃的现象。自“天网”行动开始以来,在一年多时间里,“百名红通”人员已有三分之一归案。而从全球范围来看,转移至境外的腐败资产只有很小的比例最终返还给了来源国。本协定为中加之间追缴转移到对方境内的犯罪所得提供了有效的法律手段,为我国与更多的国家开展类似合作开辟了新的途径;“一个趋势”,在全球一体化日益发展的今天,国际社会已经普遍认识到,犯罪所得的跨境流动既是来源国的损失,也是对流入国法律秩序的破坏。各国必须联手应对。来源国与流入国通过国际合作返还或分享犯罪所得已成为跨境追赃的重要方式,本协定完全符合合作追赃的这一新趋势,是打击跨国犯罪新形势的必然要求。

记者:国内公众对反腐败国际追逃追赃合作十分关注,一般认为,国际追赃合作必须将腐败分子转移到境外的腐败资产全额返还给中方。但如您刚才介绍的,中加协定的部分内容涉及“分享”。从字面上看,与外国“分享”犯罪所得,将导致我国的国家财产流失,您怎么理解“分享”这一做法?

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