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院士:中国转基因技术世界第二 仅次于美国

2016-09-08 09:06:39   澎湃

原标题:万建民院士:中国转基因技术体系世界第二,仅次于美国

9月5日,第五届全国媒体记者转基因研修班在长春举办,中国工程院院士、转基因重大专项“总工程师”万建民介绍了重大专项的进展情况,并透露,未来5年中国最有可能率先进行产业化的是转基因抗除草剂大豆和转基因抗虫玉米。农业部科教司转基因生物安全与知识产权处处长林祥明表示,目前正在大力推动转基因食品由定性标识改为定量标识。

万建民还说,总体而言,在转基因技术体系方面(包括技术和育种),中国上处于世界第二的水平,落后于美国,但高于日本、德国和英国等国家。

2016年8月8日,国务院发布“十三五”国家科技创新规划,指出“十三五”期间要推进新型抗虫棉、抗虫玉米、抗除草剂大豆等重大产品产业化。本次研修班即以“了解中国的转基因玉米”为主题,通过研讨和交流,让媒体和公众对中国转基因产业化的需求、能力等有更多了解。

重大专项取得相当程度的进展

众所周知,中国在2008年立项了一个名为“转基因重大专项”的大工程,这项工程计划用15年时间完成计划投入经费240亿元(国家投入120亿元)。

本次会议上,万建民详细披露了重大专项的进展。转基因重大专项是既有植物,也有动物的,具体来讲,水稻、小麦、玉米、大豆、棉花、猪、牛、羊是重点。在大家最为关心的转基因农业领域,目前有审定品种124个,发放安全证书6个,包括转基因抗虫棉、转基因抗虫水稻、转基因植酸酶玉米以及转基因番木瓜。

其中,124个审定品种均为转基因抗虫棉花。据统计,在2008-2015年,转基因棉花累计推广4亿亩,占国内市场份额95%,减少农药用量40万吨,经济效益450亿元。

万建民说,转基因棉花也研发出了很多新品种,比如最近培育成功了抗黄萎病的棉花,还有品质改良的转基因棉花,以后,中国生产的优质棉花也能抗衡美国和澳大利亚,不用大量依赖进口了。

根据现行的《农业转基因生物安全管理条例》,农业转基因生物试验,一般应当经过中间试验、环境释放和生产性试验三个阶段。也就是说,只有通过生产性试验,才能可能拿到安全证书;拿到安全证书后,需要通过品种审定,才可能产业化。除了在上世纪90年代就已经商业化的转基因棉花和木瓜,转基因抗虫水稻、转基因植酸酶玉米拿到安全证书后还没有商业化。根据“十三五”国家科技创新规划,一些品种在未来还会陆续拿到安全证书,并可能启动商业化。

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