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专家:戳穿仲裁谎言 维护南海和平

2016-07-14 00:42:27   新华网

新华社北京7月13日电题:戳穿仲裁谎言 维护南海和平——专家解读《中国坚持通过谈判解决中国与菲律宾在南海的有关争议》白皮书

新华社记者崔文毅、潘洁

继南海仲裁案仲裁庭作出非法无效的所谓“最终裁决”后,国务院新闻办公室13日发表《中国坚持通过谈判解决中国与菲律宾在南海的有关争议》白皮书。

多位国际问题专家在研读了这份文件后,认为其系统阐述了中国政府在中菲南海争议和南海问题上的一贯立场和政策,彰显了中国维护国际法治及公平正义,维护南海和平稳定的决心。

系统阐述 郑重宣示

“白皮书以政府文书的形式,系统阐述了中国对南海诸岛的主权是历史上确立的这一事实,体现了官方的郑重表态和立场。”中国社科院世界经济与政治研究所国际战略研究室主任薛力说。

在2013年菲律宾时任政府单方面就中菲在南海的有关争议提起仲裁后,中国政府就宣布不接受、不参与该仲裁,此后多次重申此立场。

中国社科院边疆研究所副所长李国强说,仲裁闹剧使中菲南海有关争议复杂化。白皮书的发表,清晰完整地阐释了中菲南海有关争议的来龙去脉和本质,溯本清源,以正视听。

中央党校国际战略研究院副教授韩爱勇说,白皮书的主题是中国坚持通过谈判解决中国与菲律宾在南海的有关争议,这表明中方希望同有关国家一道努力,妥善处理争议,维护南海的和平稳定。

有理有据 揭露闹剧

白皮书用详尽的事实和数据,客观、全面地阐述了菲律宾一再采取导致争议复杂化的行动,例如在中国仁爱礁非法“坐滩”,企图染指中国黄岩岛等,并引用《联合国海洋法公约》(简称《公约》)相关规定,阐明南海仲裁案从一开始就是一场披着法律外衣的政治闹剧。

李国强说,菲律宾提起仲裁事项的实质是南沙群岛部分岛礁的领土主权问题,有关事项也必然涉及中菲海洋划界,与之不可分割。在明知领土问题不属于《公约》调整范围,海洋划界争议已被中国2006年有关声明排除的情况下,菲律宾将有关争议刻意包装成单纯的《公约》解释或适用问题,显示菲律宾单方面提起仲裁的目的是恶意的。

白皮书写道:“应菲律宾单方面请求建立的南海仲裁案仲裁庭自始无管辖权,所作出的裁决是无效的,没有拘束力。中国在南海的领土主权和海洋权益在任何情况下不受仲裁裁决的影响。中国不接受、不承认该裁决,反对且不接受任何以仲裁裁决为基础的主张和行动。”

对此,专家指出,菲律宾南海仲裁案仲裁庭不是一个合法、合格的仲裁机构,不仅与位于海牙联合国系统的国际法院毫无关系,而且仲裁庭的组成实际上也是政治操纵的结果。

李国强指出,在南海仲裁庭五名仲裁员中,除一人由当事方菲律宾指派外,其余四人均由国际海洋法法庭前任庭长、日本籍法官柳井俊二指定。而柳井俊二同时也是安倍晋三安保法制恳谈会会长,协助安倍解禁集体自卫权,挑战二战后国际秩序的束缚。

他说,仲裁庭从成立之初就已政治化了,存在明显的扩权、越权、滥权行为,裁决结果也是不公平的,是对包括《公约》等国际法的肆意践踏。

呼吁谈判 维护和平

白皮书介绍,中华人民共和国成立以来,已与14个陆地邻国中的12个国家,本着平等协商、相互谅解的精神,通过双边谈判,签订了边界条约,划定和勘定的边界约占中国陆地边界长度的90%。

“中国对通过谈判解决争议的诚意和不懈努力是有目共睹的。”韩爱勇说,只有当事方通过平等谈判达成协议,有关争议才能获得根本长久解决,有关协议才能得到全面有效贯彻实施。

中菲曾建立信任措施工作组并就争议海域进行过海洋地质勘探合作。专家表示,中国就管控海上分歧以及推动海上务实合作等与菲律宾进行多次磋商,双方就通过谈判解决南海有关争议,妥善管控有关分歧达成重要共识。

中国现代国际关系研究院南亚东南亚及大洋洲研究所副所长张学刚说,南海仲裁案是阿基诺三世政府的错误政策,菲律宾新政府完全可以卸下包袱,同中方开展真诚对话,妥善处理南海问题,开展务实合作。

菲律宾新政府最近做出的一系列表态,包括愿同中国就南海问题恢复协商对话。杜特尔特总统本人也曾表示,愿致力于改善和发展菲中关系,加强互利合作。

白皮书指出,中国致力于深化周边睦邻友好,积极推动与周边国家以及东盟等地区组织的务实合作,实现互利共赢。

韩爱勇认为,这体现了中方希望菲律宾新政府以实际行动改善中菲关系,妥善管控分歧,使中菲关系尽快重回健康发展的轨道。中国将继续致力于通过谈判协商和平解决争端,维护好本地区的和平稳定。

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