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中国大使法媒刊文谈南海:菲单方面提起仲裁违法

2016-06-15 07:51:28    中国青年报

原标题:“南海问题”的真相是什么

中国青年报·中青在线驻法国记者 孟小珂来源:中国青年报(2016年06月15日04版)

6月13日,中国驻法国大使翟隽在法国主流媒体《回声报》发表题为《有关“南海问题”的几点真相》的署名文章,呼吁通过友好磋商和谈判解决南海有关争议。

翟隽在文章中指出,虽然目前中国人消费的水产品已有70%以上来自淡水和海洋人工养殖,但中国人经略海洋的历史可谓久远,其中包括南海,中国并因此很早确立了对南海诸岛的行政管辖权。对于这一点,不仅自明朝起的中国官方地图上就已标明,而且近现代以来的许多国家地图上也都有相似的标注。

第二次世界大战结束后,中国根据《开罗宣言》和《波茨坦公告》收复了被日本侵占的南海岛礁,重新命名了南海诸岛全部岛礁沙滩名称共159个,并公布施行。同时,对外公布了中国南海疆域图,标注了中国在南海的主权和相关权利。对此,没有任何国家提出疑议。而此后不久的1961年,菲律宾通过了《关于确定菲律宾领海基线的法案》。该法案继承了“美西条约”规定下来的“条约界限”,即从东经118°到东经127°,北纬4°45′到北纬20°。而南沙群岛的范围是从东经109°30′到117°50′,北纬3°40′到11°55′,明显不在菲律宾领土范围之内。

翟隽表示,20世纪70年代,随着南海大陆架上发现丰富的油气资源,有些国家陆续开始在南海夺岛占礁,并对相关海域提出权益要求。对此,中国本来可以用自卫的手段遏制这一事态发展,事实上在1974年也曾有过这样的实例,但从睦邻友好和维护地区和平稳定以及中国经济发展的大局出发,中国在重申“主权属我”的同时,选择了与有关国家通过双边谈判协商解决争端的方式。此间,中国还与东盟于2002年通过签署《南海各方行为宣言》(DOC)确立了上述解决争端方式。也正是得益于此,南海问题的处理在此后较长时间内一直是平稳和可控的。在1991年至2010年的20年间,中国与东盟国家贸易总额从不到80亿美元增至近3000亿美元,从一个侧面证明以上述方式解决南海问题是正确的。

翟隽指出,令人遗憾的是,中国与菲律宾有关南海的争端被菲方以提交仲裁的方式寻求单方面解决。这里需要说明的是,菲方所提仲裁事项的实质是岛礁主权和海洋划界问题,而海域划界、历史性海湾或所有权、军事和执法行动等方面的争端已被中国政府依据《联合国海洋法公约》于2006年声明明确排除在了仲裁庭管辖范围之外。菲方单方面提起仲裁本身违背了菲方与中方此前达成的双方通过谈判协商解决争议的双边协议,而仲裁庭作出的对本案有管辖权的裁定也背离了《公约》的基本原则和具体条款。有鉴于此,中方只能采取不接受、不参与、不承认仲裁裁决的立场,并对仲裁庭滥用职权,肆意扩大自身管辖范围表示极大关切。中方认为菲律宾单方面提起仲裁和仲裁庭强行推进有关程序均是违法、无效的。

翟隽进一步指出,近年来个别国家反复谈论的所谓“南海航行自由”问题其实是个“伪命题”,因为事实上南海航行自由不存在任何问题。实际上最关心南海航行自由的是中国。中国通往国外的39条航线中,有21条通过南海诸岛海域,60%外贸运输从上述海域经过。所以,若是谁破坏南海航行自由,中国第一个不答应。近年来,为改善当地居民生活,更好履行中方在海上搜寻与救助以及防灾减灾方面的责任,同时也是为了基本军事防御和维护主权权益的需要,中国在部分岛礁上进行了一些工程,这同时也是为了实施向国际社会提供灯塔等公益服务、自动气象站、海洋观测中心、海洋科研设施等项目。因此,就此指责中国上述举动是在南海借机搞“军事化”是没有道理的。

翟隽呼吁,南海问题涉及多个国家,问题的根本解决之道在于直接当事国的沟通和相向而行。南海地区的和平与稳定符合各方的共同利益。中国与直接当事国在维护南海地区和平发展大局上的根本利益一致,只要各方都采取负责任态度,通过友好磋商和谈判来解决南海有关争端,就能共同找到解决问题最直接、最有效、最根本的办法。本报巴黎6月14日电

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