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外交部回应“中国不执行南海仲裁违反国际法”

2016-05-13 08:47:00    外交部网站

2016年5月12日,外交部条法司司长徐宏召开媒体吹风会,就菲律宾所提南海仲裁案接受中外媒体采访,介绍中方有关立场主张,并回答现场记者提出的11个问题。新闻司副司长王晰宁主持吹风会。以下为吹风会实录:

王晰宁:各位记者朋友早上好,欢迎来到外交部新闻中心。大家非常关注菲律宾提出的南海仲裁案,今天,我们非常高兴地邀请外交部条约法律司徐宏司长,向大家介绍中国政府的有关政策和立场,特别是从国际法的角度进行阐述。现在,先请徐宏司长作简要介绍。

徐宏:各位记者朋友,大家早上好。今天,非常高兴有这个机会,与大家就南海仲裁案有关国际法的问题进行面对面的交流。

最近一段时期,有报道说,对于菲律宾单方面提起的南海仲裁案,仲裁庭可能在近期作出最后裁决。大家都很关心仲裁结果,也很关心中国政府会怎么看,怎么办。事实上,中方已经在不同场合多次表明,由于仲裁庭对这个案件明显没有管辖权,一个无权机构作出的裁决,当然不具有任何法律效力,也不存在任何承认和执行的问题。大家都很关心中国的这一立场是不是符合国际法。今天,我就从国际法的角度跟大家作些交流。对于在座的很多朋友而言,讲法律可能比较枯燥一点,但既然仲裁案是一个涉及法律的问题,我们还不得不有一点专业的精神。

在开放提问之前,请允许我先做一个概括的介绍。

首先,我们看一下仲裁庭它究竟能管些什么事?

大家知道,“和平解决国际争端”是国际法上的一项重要原则,但和平解决争端的方式多种多样,强制仲裁只是《联合国海洋法公约》创立的一种新的程序。而且这种程序与谈判协商等方式相比,它是次要的,补充性的方式。它的适用是有条件的,简单地说,至少需要满足四个条件:

第一,它只能用来解决《联合国海洋法公约》的解释和适用方面的争端。如果有关事项超出了《公约》范围,就不能采用强制仲裁。也就是说,领土主权的问题不属于《公约》所调整的范围,当然不能就此问题提起强制仲裁,仲裁庭也没有管辖权。

第二,如果有关争端涉及海域划界、历史性海湾或所有权、军事活动或执法活动等,缔约国有权声明不接受强制仲裁。这种排除对于其他缔约国而言具有法律效力,对于上述被一国排除的争端,其他国家不得提起,仲裁庭也无权管辖。

第三,如果当事方自行选择了其他方法解决有关争端,也不应提起强制仲裁,仲裁庭也没有管辖权。

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