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南海问题又占据了各大媒体的头条,这次要“归功”于西方媒体报道中国在西沙永兴岛上部署导弹。美国对此事的反应奇特又矛盾。目前对于南海问题有很多说法、批评以及疑问。但这件事至少从五个方面暴露了美国对这一地区政策和立场上的显著混乱。
首先是对西沙群岛与南沙群岛的混淆。过去,国际社会主要在南海涉及南沙群岛的问题上有所争议,中国、越南、菲律宾作 为主要声索国受到更多关注。而中国对南沙岛礁“军事化”的言论也日趋盛上。然而事实上,中国数十年来对于西沙岛礁的防御设施建设非常有限,中国外交部已经 明确表明,西沙群岛的防御措施“无关军事化”。因此,该导弹的部署并不是中国防御姿态的有意改变,而美国似乎是故意混淆西沙和南沙的概念以谴责中国。
其次,对于“自卫权”和“军事化”的混淆。联合国宪 章第51条赋予联合国成员国自卫的固有权利。几十年来,中国在西沙群岛的自卫措施都是正当的,最近突然被西方拿来炒作放大,而这一局面直到近期美高官及其 盟友将此问题提出受到更广泛的关注。对于中国已经正当防御建设几十年的小岛,怎么可能突然鲁莽地转变为,中国部署武器设施使得该地区“军事化”?如果说中 国不能在它自己的土地上加强防御设施,美国为什么将其海空军力量的60%部署在亚太地区,持续性地派遣舰机进行监视和巡航,一方面又更频繁地举行军演及出 售大量军事装备呢?对于“军事化”的定义还真是古怪。
三是,对于“意图”与“能力”的混淆。据美国媒体报 道,部署在永兴岛上的导弹覆盖范围达到125英里,对于通过该区域的一切民用和军事飞机造成威胁。这又是另一个误区。首先,中国的自卫措施显然不会威胁通 过这一地区主要海道和空中通道的舰机,除非有一些假装“无辜”的舰机严重挑衅中国的主权。无端想象中国朝民用客机发射导弹是很荒谬的。其次,更广泛地来 说,在这种情况下,意图和能力一样重要。美国维系着最先进的武器系统,防守和进攻能力两手抓,范围更是横跨全世界。与此同时他们不断地声称保卫民主、和平 和秩序。同样的逻辑为什么不适用于中国?简单来说,能力并不直接构成威胁,而是错误的意图使然。至于中国的意图,该国已经提出了对于维护南海和平与稳定的 三点倡议。中国坚定奉行和平稳定,维护主权完整,不管是过去、现在亦或未来。
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