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美军舰擅入中国领海声称保护自由航行 新华社:借口

2016-01-31 21:41:17   新华网

原标题:新华国际时评:是谁在侵犯国际法 再论美国所谓“航行自由”

新华社北京1月31日电 美国海军“威尔伯”号导弹驱逐舰30日擅入中国西沙领海,美国防部称,此次行动旨在“挑战限制航行自由的意图”。五角大楼发言人杰夫·戴维斯说:“美舰在通过前没有事先通告有关声索方,这符合我们的正常程序,也符合国际法。”

扯着“国际法”的大旗,听上去多么冠冕堂皇。而事实是,中国在1992年即公布《领海及毗连区法》,规定外国军舰进入中国领海,必须经过事先批准。这一规定符合国际法和国际实践,也与世界上很多国家的法律相同。美国在对此完全清楚的情况下,派军舰擅自进入中国领海,挑战的不只是中国依据《联合国海洋法公约》在内的国际法所享有的正当权利,更是在藐视和侵犯国际法。

最大讽刺在于,美国一边借国际法之名为其所谓“维护航行自由”的行动辩解,一边却一直没有批准确立世界海洋法律秩序和规则的《联合国海洋法公约》。

对政府制定政策有不小影响力的美国传统基金会在一篇文章中道出美国不批准海洋法公约的“小算盘”:美国要保卫海洋大国权利,不需要加入“有严重缺陷的”多边条约,只要维持一支强大海军就够了。

这个理由说直白点就是,美国已经依据军事力量掌握了战略优势和油气矿藏等海洋资源,为什么还要用一个国际公约来绑住自己的手脚?

讽刺之二在于,美国声称依据国际法在全球维护“航行自由”,使用的却是美国自己定的“标准”。国际法上对于领海、专属经济区和公海等不同海域,有对航行自由权限的不同限定。美国却把这些混为一谈。

美国政府去年就“航行自由”行动发布的一份文件说得清楚,美国行动针对的第一目标是,“被美国认为过度的”海洋主张。这显然是用美国标准替代国际法则,甚至是企图把美国政府单方面的想法强加给其他国家。

讽刺之三是,美国所谓维护国际法下“航行自由”的行动,正是对国际法原则的威胁。

如今在南海,每年10万多艘各国船只安全自由通过南海地区,没有任何问题。南海这么大,美国的舰机却三番五次“闯入”他国海空域,挑衅和威胁着其他国家主权和安全利益,这是对海洋秩序的严重破坏。

国际海洋政策学者马克·巴伦西亚指出,派遣军舰驶入另一国的领海来“表明自由航行权”应被理解为违反《联合国宪章》和《联合国海洋法公约》中有关动武威胁的规定。

美国国际法专家布鲁斯·费恩则直接点出了美国的动机,美军在南海的行动,只是“在编造借口,然后去南海或东海进行军事行动,甚至制造无中生有的冲突”。

希望美方莫将自家“标准”当成通行守则,真正恪守国际法,停止这类挑衅和违法行动,多做有利于地区和平稳定的事。

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