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军事专家详解本轮军改为什么改、改什么、怎么改

2016-01-02 09:12:15   新华网

原标题:中央军委《关于深化国防和军队改革的意见》系统阐述为什么改、改什么、怎么改

新华社北京1月1日电 (记者王东明、王经国、梅常伟) “中央军委《关于深化国防和军队改革的意见》统一了全军官兵对改革的认识,汇聚了支持改革的正能量。”国防大学战略教研部副主任楼耀亮1日在接受新华社记者专访时表示,《意见》系统阐述了本轮改革为什么改、改什么、怎么改。

三个必然要求催生本轮改革

为什么要进行本轮改革?楼耀亮认为,核心是三个必然要求

一是应对世界前所未有大变局,维护国家安全。当前,世界主要军事力量纷纷调整军事战略,军事变革加速,“我们面对的‘大棋局’对军队改革提出了必然要求,不改不行。”

二是国家层面,党中央提出新的国家发展战略,尤其是“四个全面”战略布局,“国家战略的发展对军队改革提出了必然要求,不改不行。”

三是习主席对国防和军队建设作出一系列重要论述,特别是提出强军目标战略思想,并制定了新形势下军事战略方针,“这对军队改革提出了必然要求,不改不行。”

以领导管理体制、联合作战指挥体制改革为重点

本轮改革改什么?楼耀亮介绍,《意见》明确提出“牢牢把握‘军委管总、战区主战、军种主建’的原则”

一是领导管理体制、联合作战指挥体制,这是本轮改革的突破口和重中之重,“这轮改革是体系重塑,比如之前公布的实行军委多部门制、调整划设战区,以及这次成立陆军领导机构等,紧密相连、相互连动。”

二是军队规模结构,精减非战斗机构和人员,优化军种比例,“必须指出的是,这轮改革中肯定是有减有增,比如老旧部队要减,新型部队,如特种兵、电子对抗部队还可能要增。”

三是部队编成,《意见》提出了“充实、合成、多能、灵活”的发展要求。

四是新型军事人才培养,要构建三位一体即军队院校教育、部队训练实践、军事职业教育的新型军事人才培养体系。

五是政策制度,如军官职业化、文职人员制度、士官制度、退役军人安置政策和管理机构等等。

六是军民融合发展。军民融合发展实际包含两方面内容,“民参军”和“军转民”。《意见》提出了9个字要求:全要素、多领域、高效益。

七是武装警察部队指挥管理体制和力量结构。

八是军事法治体系,要由以行政命令管理为主,向依法行政转变。

自上而下进行改革

这轮改革怎么改?楼耀亮介绍,《意见》给出了明确的时间表和步骤

“2015年,重点组织实施领导管理体制、联合作战指挥体制改革;2016年,组织实施军队规模结构和作战力量体系、院校、武警部队改革,基本完成阶段性改革任务;2017年至2020年,对相关领域改革做进一步调整、优化和完善,持续推进各领域改革。政策制度和军民融合深度发展改革,成熟一项推进一项。”

楼耀亮认为,本轮改革是体系设计,“从《意见》给出的时间表和步骤来看,自上而下,是本轮改革最显著的特点。”

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