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关于2017年德国联邦议院选举 你需要知道这些事

2017-09-25 00:26:45   

国际在线报道:每四年一次的德国联邦议院选举将于当地时间9月24日举行。届时,6150万选民将在42个政党及其候选人中选出第19届德国联邦议院的议员。而议院席位超过50%的政党或者政党联盟将决定联邦总理人选,并且组成新一任政府的内阁。那么德国的选举体系是什么样的?关于2017年的德国大选,你需要了解哪些背景信息呢?

印有默克尔的联盟党竞选海报

实行议会民主制的德国全国被分为299个选区,根据目前德国联邦选举机构的模拟计算,本届选举可能产生超过700名联邦议院议员。德国联邦选举机构负责人以及选举委员会主席萨海特海尔在接受记者采访时表示,2017年的竞选筹备事宜从数周前就已经开始,位于威斯巴登和柏林的两个计算中心也是投入了约200名工作人员,以防止差错的出现并且保证能够在选举之夜宣布先期结果:“包括联邦、州、区县、299个选区等在内的各个层面都已经组成自己的选举机构和委员会,并且在严格遵守德国联邦选举法的基础上履行相关职责和义务。无论是选举委员会举办会议,还是投票站的计票工作,都将在公众的监督下,本着公开、透明的原则展开。”

眼下的统计数据显示,选民中有3170万女性,2980万男性。选择邮寄选票的民众则是达到了破纪录的比例——约占30%。与此同时,由于关注大选的年轻人越来越少,所以今年参与选举投票最庞大的群体是70岁以上的老人,占全部投票人数的20.7%。萨海特海尔进一步介绍说,选举当夜,各选区把选票清点出来以及审核后,将由选区的选举委员会通过区县再层层上报到联邦州,即最终全部汇总到位于柏林的国会大厦,也就是他所带领的团队处,“届时,我们收集所有的选票信息之后,会借助法律规定的算法再次进行核验。公众也将在当晚第一时间知晓初步的统计结果。而在选举结束约两周后,联邦选举委员会将对最终选举结果进行确认并予以官方公布。”

对于可能出现的网络假新闻以及黑客攻击威胁,萨海特海尔强调称,保证选举过程顺利与安全地进行以及相关信息的真实性是自己作为统筹联邦选举负责人的重要职责之一。所采取的具体措施包括通过加密网络来传送数据,对所有选举信息进行多重全方位的核实,与联邦信息安全部门、各个州选举机构加强沟通与合作,模拟危机场景的出现进而不断改善应对能力等等,“总结起来就是,我们将从机构、人员、技术等多个维度着手,确保整个联邦选举流程的安全、初步与最终结果的真实。同时,以基本法为依据的德国选举制度也能够有效预防对选举结果的操纵。另外,我认为要避免虚假新闻对选举产生影响,媒体应当承担起自己的责任、采用恰当的应对之策,比如强化这种特殊情况下不实信息的检验机制等。”

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