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昂山素季的“大麻烦”从何而来

2017-09-12 07:39:13   侠客岛

原标题:【解局】昂山素季的“大麻烦”从何而来

最近,缅甸有些不太平。

8月25日,罗兴亚救世军(ARSA)袭击了缅甸30余座边防警局后,招致缅安全部队大规模的反击与清剿,当地暴力冲突不断,导致大量罗兴亚难民逃亡孟加拉国。根据联合国的数字统计,有大约三十万人被迫逃离了这个缅甸罗兴亚人居住的邦,非法越境至孟加拉国。

目前,罗兴亚救世军已经通过推特宣布,从10日起单方面停火一个月,并呼吁缅甸政府军也放下武器,让救援组织得以运送人道物资。不过这个单方面停火声明尚未获得缅甸政府回应。

与此同时,世界各地爆发了对缅甸政府的抗议活动,雅加达、阿富汗、伊斯兰堡以及众多宗教人士、人权领袖都纷纷呼吁改善这个穆斯林少数族裔的境况。

一时间,缅甸这颗“亚洲的宝石”再次被置于舆论的风口,甚至就连昂山素季领衔的缅甸民盟政府都在国际舆论中饱受指责,以至于有声音要求剥夺她的诺贝尔和平奖荣誉,这其中就包括巴基斯坦穆斯林、年纪最小的诺贝尔和平奖获得者马拉拉·优萨福扎伊。

罗兴亚人究竟是怎样的一个族群,为什么会在缅甸成为一个敏感词,他们跟缅甸当地的若开居民和政府又存在着怎样的“深仇大恨”

历史

要想了解所谓的“罗亚兴人”问题,需要先从他们普遍居住的若开邦以及两者的宗教信仰分歧说起。

若开邦位於缅甸西部,曾经是一个强大富有的独立王国,古称“阿拉干王国”,1785年被缅甸贡榜王朝兼并。曾被割让给英国,直到1948年缅甸独立时,才又划回缅甸,成为若开邦。阿拉干王国自古以佛教立国,在文化上与缅甸更为接近,与西边的孟加拉地区也长期和睦相处。那个时候,定居在阿拉干的穆斯林人数很少,主要是从事贸易的商人。

但英国人占领该地后,实施了沿海农业开发政策,并将一批孟加拉人带到了阿拉干,以99年为租期,把阿拉干的土地租给这些孟加拉人耕种。然而,这些租赁了土地的孟加拉人不仅没有雇佣当地的若开人,反而把他们赶出自己的家园,代之以大量雇用孟加拉的农民。99年租期到期时,阿拉干的孟加拉人已经从1826年的3万人增长到1925年的22万人,数量几乎与当地的若开人相等。两个族裔之间的矛盾冲突由此开始。

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