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美应避免对华发起贸易战 中国手中“武器”很有分量

2017-08-22 00:58:23   参考消息

参考消息网8月22日报道 新加坡《联合早报》网站8月21日发表题为《中美打贸易战没有赢家》文章称,在全球化时代,中美在经贸方面的依赖程度已越来越深,单方面的贸易制裁,最终受影响的是中美的消费者和企业,中美应避免开打会导致两败俱伤的贸易战。

文章称,美国贸易代表罗伯特·莱特希泽18日发布声明,宣布根据贸易保护法第301条款,在涉及技术转让、知识产权和创新领域对中国正式启动贸易调查。根据301条款规定,美国贸易代表首先将与外国政府协商,寻求贸易补偿或消除贸易壁垒,如果协商无法解决问题,美国可以发动单边制裁行动,如征收额外的关税、费用和对进口进行限制。

美国总统特朗普于8月14日签署行政备忘录,指示美国贸易代表对所谓“中国贸易行为”进行审查,18日,美国贸易代表办公室发布正式声明,被视为掀开了中美贸易战的序幕。

文章称,对中国发起301调查,并不意味着中美贸易战正式开打,因为美国不一定立刻启动相关具体调查,而调查可能需要长时间才有结果,最后也不一定会推出任何贸易制裁措施,因此,启动301调查的意义,被视为只是象征性的做法。301条款对中国的威胁,可能如过去类似情况那样,最后并没有真正启用,但此举已引发各界对美国采取单边行动,最终将损害中美经贸关系的担忧。

中国商务部发言人已强调,如果美方不顾事实、不尊重多边贸易规则,而采取损害双方经贸关系的举动,“中方绝不会坐视”。中国外交部发言人华春莹直言:“在中美利益相互交融日深,已经形成你中有我、我中有你的紧密格局下,打贸易战没有前途,没有赢家,只会双输。”

美国彼得森国际经济研究所的分析也点出,如果中美爆发贸易战,中国手中的“武器”也很有分量,即使中国仅以限制进口美国飞机和大豆回敬美国,后果也将是“破坏性的”。因此,打贸易战的概率多大,要看美国究竟会对中国挥动“301大棒”到什么程度。

文章称,“301条款”是美国《1974年贸易法》第301条的俗称,赋予美国总统单方面实施关税或其他贸易限制的权力,以保护本国产业免受其他国家“不公平贸易做法”的损害。在特朗普的授权下,美国贸易代表可动用一切可支配选项,最终可能导致特朗普政府对中国产品征收高额关税。

自1996年世界贸易组织成立以来,“301条款”其实已渐渐被美国弃用,自2001年,美国政府仅在2013年针对乌克兰的知识产权保护问题使用过“301条款”。与此同时,随着中国经济力量的逐渐强大,美国曾多次针对知识产权方面问题向中国发难,对中国进行调查和展开谈判。

文章称,不过,随着在1992年、1995年、1996年中美签订知识产权方面的谅解备忘录后,中国已设法加强知识产权行政和司法保护力度,先后修订了《专利法》、《商标法》及《反不正当竞争法》等,凸显中国高度关注美国对这方面的看法。

文章认为,在全球化时代,中美在经贸方面的依赖程度已越来越深,单方面的贸易制裁,最终受影响的是中美的消费者和企业,中美应避免开打会导致两败俱伤的贸易战,况且贸易仅是中美关系的其中一个议题,双方透过各种方式设法化解歧见,寻求更大的合作机会才是两国的正确选择。

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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