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法媒:中巴经济走廊重振巴基斯坦 已为其创30万岗位

2017-08-05 01:55:11   参考消息

参考消息网8月5日报道法国《费加罗报》3日发表记者埃马纽埃尔·德维尔的一篇署名文章,全文摘编如下:

遍布青草和矮树丛的沙丘和山坡间出现一条柏油路。这条公路完工后能将巴基斯坦首都伊斯兰堡与北向260公里处的塔果德之间的路程从7小时缩短到4小时。这将成为喀喇昆仑山高速公路的第一阶段。这条交通干线将巴基斯坦北部与中国新疆喀什连通,最高处海拔超过4700米,中国的载重车将通过这条路飞速驶向西南方的阿拉伯海,这是抵达波斯湾之前的最后一站。

资料图:巴基斯坦瓜达尔港区新华社记者刘天摄

现在必须扩大这个从1982年开始投入使用的枢纽,补充缺失的环节。工程师法亚兹·艾哈迈德向伊斯兰堡-喀什公路投去了自豪的目光。他解释说:“第一路段长57公里,将在今年12月完工。”此时,工人们正在烈日下铺设混凝土隔离墙。该项目始于2014年末,计划于2020年竣工。

550亿美元投资

这是中国3年前在巴基斯坦启动的32个项目之一。北京在这里修建高速公路、铁路和太阳能电站,还要在距霍尔木兹海峡几链之遥的瓜德尔建设一座机场和一个深水港。这些大项目的官方名称叫“中巴经济走廊”。中国有两个目标:打破西部省的封闭状态,将这些省份通过巴基斯坦与非洲和波斯湾相连。另一方面,重振有两亿人口的巴基斯坦,赋予该国制衡竞争对手印度的手段。

对政治和军事精英而言,这是件幸事。巴基斯坦本就为塔利班分子恐怖袭击所累,如今又受到“伊斯兰国”打击,十几年来一直遭西方投资者白眼。中国企业的大工程是巴基斯坦重振经济甚至吸引跨国公司的机会。巴基斯坦计划和发展部长阿赫桑·伊克巴尔断言:“中巴经济走廊改变了格局。我们有7000万中产阶级消费者,中巴经济走廊已经创造了至少30万个就业岗位。而这不过是开始。3年后,中国工业或将外迁到我国,因为我们的劳动力更低廉。8年到10年后,我国经济增长率能升至7%或8%。”

巴基斯坦2015年-2016年增长率为近8年最高,达4.7%。今年或将达到5%。国际货币基金组织指出,从现在到2024年,中国计划的相关项目将每年给该国国内生产总值增加30亿到130亿美元。

“我们在建设本国经济动脉”

然而,经济走廊仍然是一场赌局。在能源领域,中国企业投资工程将享受的回报率是17%到20%。修建公路和铁路靠的也是向中国贷款110亿美元。阿赫桑·伊克巴尔证实:“这些贷款的利息是1%或2%,而且长达35年到40年。”因此,国际货币基金组织预计,巴基斯坦的资本偿还与流出将加快,每年最高达到35亿到45亿美元。为了还款,巴基斯坦必须吸引投资者并刺激本国出口。巴基斯坦公路局项目总经理阿西姆·阿明总结说:“如果运输跟不上再怎么修路也没用。我们正在建设本国经济动脉。但必须要有血液。”

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