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记者调查:“笑气”不可笑 英国立法禁滥用

2017-07-20 13:19:02   新华社

新华社伦敦7月19日电 记者调查:“笑气”不可笑 英国立法禁滥用

新华社记者张代蕾

近来因吸食“笑气”成瘾、进而导致身心健康严重受损甚至死亡的案例频现,引发公众关注。作为较早对“笑气”进行监管的国家,英国于2016年出台《精神刺激物质法案》,加大对非法生产和销售“笑气”行为的惩治力度。

吸食“笑气”者众

“笑气”学名一氧化二氮,无色,微甜。少量吸食后有轻微麻醉作用,会使人发笑,产生幻觉,大量吸食则会导致身体麻木,丧失行动能力,甚至死亡。

“笑气”在英国还常被叫做“甜气”“嬉皮士可卡因”,经常吸食可致人上瘾。自18世纪人们发现吸食“笑气”可产生短暂愉悦感以来,英国人对吸食“笑气”的热情一直很高。

在提出《精神刺激物质法案》前,英国内政部的调查显示,2013年到2014年间,英国大约有47万人吸食“笑气”;在16岁到24岁的年轻人中,7.6%的受访者表示曾吸过“笑气”,吸食比例比可卡因高出3个百分点。

总部位于伦敦的独立调查机构“全球毒品调查”2016年度报告显示,在全球50个国家和地区中,“笑气”受欢迎度排名第七,超过半数英国受访者承认曾吸食“笑气”。

由于“笑气”易于购买、价格便宜,曾被称为“合法毒品”。在酒吧、夜总会和音乐节等娱乐场合吸食打入气球的“笑气”,一度成为英国年轻人中颇为流行的消遣方式。2016年相关法律出台前,英国酒吧或公园角落里一到周末就会堆积着大量用完的银色“笑气”罐和气球。

危害不可小觑

一些吸食者认为,相比其他毒品,“笑气”对人体危害小。但英国政府、医疗专家和舆论一致认为,“笑气”绝对不只“笑笑”那么简单。

英格兰急救服务中心医生戴维·艾伦介绍说,“笑气”是一种可抑制神经中枢的物质,大量吸入可导致人脑和身体反应迟缓,“眩晕,意识不清,影响判断力,这些可能将你置于受伤风险中”。

“吸食者还可能因为缺氧而昏迷甚至死亡,”艾伦说,“长期滥用还会导致体内严重缺乏维生素B,进而造成神经损伤,使人四肢麻木,行走困难。”

“全球毒品调查”报告表明,4%的吸食“笑气”者曾出现过四肢麻木、眩晕等症状。

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