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“笑气”可能让你笑不出来 吸多了损伤身体

2017-07-17 10:10:57   科技日报

记者马爱平

近日,一篇名为《最终我坐着轮椅被推出了首都国际机场》的文章引发网络热议,文中一名在西雅图留学的华裔留学生因好奇而吸食“笑气”渐至上瘾,半年后,竟出现无法站立、大小便失禁等症状,不得不终止学业,回国治疗。“笑气”是什么?为什么那么多人吸食“笑气”?


资料图:人工合成的麻醉药品。张瑶 摄

原是一种古老麻醉剂

“笑气”学名一氧化二氮(N2O),是一种无色有甜味气体,在一定条件下能支持燃烧,但在室温下稳定,有轻微麻醉作用,因能致人发笑而得名。

“‘笑气’最早是英国化学家约瑟夫·普利斯特里在1772年发现的。1798年著名化学家汉弗莱·戴维和他的朋友,在18世纪90年代对这种气体进行了试验,发现‘笑气’能使病人丧失痛觉,而且吸入后仍然可以保持意识清醒。”原中国医学科学院研究员、北京协和医学院教授王晨光说。从此,“笑气”就被当作麻醉剂使用,尤其深受牙医欢迎。因为通常牙医无专职的麻醉师,而诊疗过程中常需要病患保持清醒,并能依命令做出口腔反应,因此“笑气”给牙医带来了极大的方便。如今,“笑气”不仅用作牙科手术、孕妇分娩时的镇静剂,还在蛋糕店、咖啡店用来做奶油的发泡剂。

吸多了会对身体造成损伤

不过这种不起眼的化学物质,近些年被改造成装在金属罐子里的潮物,发展成了一种最潮的消遣游戏,在演唱会上、派对上、酒吧里、娱乐聚会上都能看到“笑气”的身影。

由于直接从罐中吸食气体可能会造成肺部损伤,大多数吸食者会把小罐里的“笑气”抽入奶泡枪中,直接对着枪口吸气;或是将气体打入各色气球,用嘴吸尽气球内的气体,在留学生圈里,这种行为被叫做“打气球”。“吸食‘笑气’后,它能快速进入大脑,使人放松、舒服,让人沉浸其中。”王晨光说。

但是,吸食“笑气”的危害也是非常明显的。坐轮椅回国治疗的西雅图留学生无疑给许多人敲响了警钟。“‘笑气’吸食较多,就会造成大脑供氧不足;有些售卖‘笑气’的商贩会用压缩枪将气体变成液体放入罐中出售,而买家从罐中把‘笑气’抽入奶泡枪吸食的时候,液体又要变成气体,这个过程要吸收大量的热量,导致接触物品温度急剧降低,极易对人造成冻伤;此外‘笑气’对人体的危害还包括引起生理和生化的改变,它能影响人体对B族维生素的吸收利用,导致B12的流失。”王晨光说。

改名奶油气弹网上仍有买卖

截至目前,无法统计全球有多少人受到“笑气”危害。虽然“笑气”的潜在危害已引起大家重视,但由于它作为一种食品加工工业助剂,并不在我国的《麻醉药片及精神药品品种目录》中,也不属于法定的新型毒品,因此很容易就能买到。

记者打开电商网站的搜索栏,发现卖家已将“笑气”改名为“奶油气弹”出售。除了一些以卖烘焙、咖啡为主的商家以外,还有不少商家出售的商品只有进口奶油气弹、奶油枪、气球。

“目前,对这类商品的销售还未受控制,也不需要特殊的经营资质。一般来说,‘笑气’用于医疗或者食品加工中,如果发现还有其他销售用途,顶多就是罚款,但是罚款力度也不大。阻止这类食品加工助剂滥用,还需要从惩罚力度和经营资质入手,加强监管。”王晨光说。

责任编辑:都基强 CN065
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