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首秀G20 特朗普能被默克尔拉回气候问题的谈判桌吗?

2017-07-06 10:45:53   海外网

据法新社消息,德国总理默克尔与美国总统特朗普将于当地时间7月6日晚即德国汉堡二十国集团(G20)峰会的前一天举行会晤。不过,德国方面表示,不能确定此次会晤能否在峰会前解决分歧。默克尔与特朗普将围绕气候协议,贸易及军费开支举行会谈。

特朗普宣布退出《巴黎协定》(图源:央视网)

2017年6月,特朗普撕毁气候治理的承诺,宣布退出《巴黎协定》。此举引发国际社会各界的谴责,美国与其欧洲盟友也陷入分歧。

美国作为碳排放量世界第一的国家,不参与全球气候治理的行为是在背弃自身的国际社会责任,欧盟更加不可能妥协于特朗普的这一决定。此前,《华尔街日报》发表文章认为,由欧洲国家牵头的其他国家十分看重在控制气候变化方面展开的全球合作。特朗普的举动可能会削弱他与其他国家领导人合作的弹性。

默克尔3日在德国联邦议会表示,气候变化问题将是此次G20峰会的重要议题之一,她已准备好与特朗普展开“艰难的对话”。对于默克尔在联邦会议的演讲,英国《金融时报》称,默克尔已经向美国总统特朗普下了“战书”,誓言要在峰会上为守护自由贸易、国际合作、气候变化巴黎协定而战。

自特朗普上任以来,从其竞选时期诟病默克尔的“移民政策”,一直以来对于德国对美国贸易顺差的谴责再到气候问题上与欧盟背道而驰,美德关系遇冷,德国民众对美国负面印象增加。据皮尤研究中心上周公布的数据显示,仅有35%的德国民众对美国持积极态度,这一数字在奥巴马执政时期曾达到57%。美德领导人在一些分歧上各持一方。路透社报道称,德国总理默克尔所在的基督教民主联盟(基民盟)及其姊妹党基督教社会联盟(基社盟)7月3日推出共同竞选纲领,把对美国的“朋友”“友谊”等描述删除了,只称美国是德国在欧洲以外“最重要的搭档”。竞选纲领还重复了默克尔5月底说的一句话:“我们能完全依赖别人的时代已过去。我们欧洲人必须比过去更牢地把命运掌握在自己手中。”显然,作为此次G20峰会的主席国—德国,默克尔对于特朗普毫无退让之意。正如英国《卫报》称,美欧间的分歧话题仍将主宰这次G20峰会,默克尔已经把自己放到了和美国冲突的轨道上。

不过,尽管默克尔日前对特朗普释放“摊牌”的信号,但是美欧毕竟是具有共同价值观的长期盟友,双方仍旧希望通过谈判对话解决分歧以保持彼此的战略伙伴关系。根据中新社的报道,在与法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙、英国首相特蕾莎·梅和其他欧洲领导人开会后,默克尔在柏林的联合新闻发布会上表示,在坚守原则的同时,她也将与美国寻求“共同解决方案”。

G20研究小组创始人科顿在接受金融时报采访时提出,德国总理不应纠结《巴黎协定》,而要在具体项目合作层面把特朗普拉回气候行动。巴黎协定本来就不是重点,就算所有缔约方,包括美国联邦政府,能够100%执行这一协定,它还是注定会失败。我们不可能完成它设定的2摄氏度温控目标,更别说1.5摄氏度了。我们都会热死,死于气候变化。汉堡峰会需要做的,也是特朗普政府在国内没有做到的,即便在他退出巴黎协定之前也没能做到的,就是采取具体措施,包括监管措施,切实抗击和控制气候变化。所以,如果默克尔能相机行事,在汉堡峰会上可以专注于推动各国就一系列具体的气候控制措施达成一致,就能取得很多成果。

特朗普在气候问题上的立场已经遭到了国内外的广泛批评,而此次G20峰会特朗普的首秀对此会有怎样的改变则难以预测。但是,从特朗普与默克尔在会前进行通话和会面预热来看,双方都有着向共同认可的问题靠拢的意愿,至于能否在最终达成一致一方面要看特朗普在这些问题上的立场,另一方面也要看德国如何引领成员国与其进行谈判。(整理/梁凯燕)(综合金融时报、路透社、新浪网等相关报道)

责任编辑:杨晓晨 CN067
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