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特朗普G20首秀会谈些什么 贸易与气候变化或成焦点

2017-07-05 10:52:59   中国经济网

美国总统特朗普将于7日至8日在德国汉堡出席二十国集团(G20)领导人峰会,这是特朗普上任后首次参加G20峰会。此次峰会正值特朗普政府宣布退出《巴黎协定》后不久和即将公布有关进口钢铁的国家安全调查报告,贸易与气候变化很可能会成为此次峰会的两大焦点。

“最大的问题是,当特朗普参加G20峰会时,美国政府是否已就进口钢铁产品的国家安全调查得出某些结论。”美国战略与国际问题研究中心高级顾问马修·古德曼日前在一场媒体电话吹风会上如此说道。他认为,由于国家安全调查可能导致美国对进口钢铁产品额外征税,波及加拿大、德国、日本、韩国等许多国家,这将引发G20对贸易展开激烈讨论。

古德曼指出,今年G20峰会主席国——德国总理默克尔最近公开表示反对贸易保护主义和孤立主义,正是针对特朗普政府而言。欧洲理事会主席唐纳德·图斯克上周也表示,欧盟将不会掩饰与美国在一些议题上的分歧,特别是贸易与气候变化。

在今年3月份的G20财长和央行行长会议上,由于遭到特朗普政府反对,最终的G20会议公报中并未包括“反对保护主义”的措辞,而是提到“加强贸易对我们经济的贡献”,确保经济获得增长并且更加公平和包容。

特朗普政府于4月底根据《1962年贸易扩展法》第232条款,对外国进口钢铁产品是否威胁和损害美国国家安全启动调查。特朗普政府原本打算于6月底公布相关调查报告,但由于遭到多个政府部门和政策顾问的反对,报告未能如期发布。美国媒体认为,特朗普参加G20峰会时,可能会将进口钢铁“232调查”的结果作为一项谈判筹码来与G20领导人就钢铁产能过剩问题进行讨论。

白宫国家经济委员会主任科恩上周在吹风会上表示,美方将利用G20峰会的机会与许多贸易伙伴讨论钢铁问题。他表示,七国集团已就钢铁产能过剩达成共识,美方会要求G20经济体加入、并采取具体措施来解决钢铁产能过剩的问题。他同时透露,有关钢铁国家安全调查的报告仍处于“草案或接近定稿”阶段,将会在某个时间点递交给白宫。

上周,一些有影响力的美国国会议员警告特朗普政府对进口钢铁征税会推升美国国内钢铁价格,损害依赖进口钢铁的美国制造商。鉴于加拿大、欧盟、韩国等均为美国重要钢铁出口来源地,特朗普在G20峰会上恐怕会遭遇来自包括美国盟友在内的国际社会的巨大压力。

在战略与国际问题研究中心能源研究项目主任萨拉·拉迪斯劳看来,特朗普政府宣布退出《巴黎协定》之后,此次G20峰会如何讨论气候变化也很有看点。她指出,德国和中国一直努力推动在G20框架下应对气候变化,值得关注的是美国退出后将发挥怎样的作用,德国和中国又将如何发挥气候变化领导力。

拉迪斯劳认为,默克尔会继续坚持将气候变化列为全球领导人的主要应对议题,但不清楚G20会议公报将如何表述相关措辞。比如,是否所有其他G20成员就气候变化达成一致而令美国更加孤立,还是G20成员立场更加分散,各方不愿意就更加具体的气候变化声明达成一致。

此前,特朗普政府在气候问题上的立场已遭到国际社会和国内民众的广泛批评。特朗普的G20首秀,或许会令美国形象进一步受挫。美国皮尤研究中心最近公布的一项针对37个国家受访者的调查显示,仅有22%的外国民众对特朗普处理国际事务有信心,远低于奥巴马政府时期的64%,同时对美国持有正面看法的外国受访者比例也明显下降。

(原标题:特朗普G20首秀会谈些什么 贸易与气候变化或成焦点)

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