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揭沙特王室:现有5千多个王子 开国国王娶38个妻子

2017-06-22 07:25:50   侠客岛

原标题:【解局】沙特国王三年换了三个王储,这事儿可大了

2017年的夏天,阿拉伯海湾地区的政局风云变幻。中东各国同卡塔尔的断交风波还未落定,沙特今天又搞了个大新闻:82岁的沙特国王宣布,废黜王储穆罕默德·本·纳伊夫,改立王储继承人穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼为新任王储。

这事相当有看头。毕竟,这已经是老国王上任三年来,换的第三个王储了。

权力格局

1932年,今天的沙特阿拉伯建国。作为阿拉伯伊斯兰世界的“带头大哥”,沙特的政治核心,是沙特王室。开国国王是个强人,光老婆就娶了38个(不算情人),生了127个孩子(其中58个儿子);80多年过去,这些儿子们继续繁衍生息,于是沙特王室现在有5000多个王子。理论上说,这些王子,每个都有继承王位的可能——当然只是理论上。现实中,并非所有的王室成员都享有均等的政治权力和政治地位。

沙特开国君主

如果要展开从沙特开国到现在王室的更迭和斗争史,那绝对是一出比清宫剧不知高到哪里去的权斗大片。但按照开国国王的政治安排,核心逻辑是“兄终弟及”,哥哥当国王,弟弟当王储,哥哥去世之后弟弟继承。

可以看出,这是典型的游牧民族继承方法,匈奴、蒙古、突厥、鲜卑等部落都是这样的方式。其好处是部落领袖始终是成年男性,坏处则是有继承权的人太多,一旦没有外敌威胁,就容易陷入内部动乱和分裂。毕竟,要等到自己的兄长去世,那还是得熬年头的。现任国王萨勒曼,19岁就从政、20岁就当省长,然后……然后79岁才当上国王。

目前沙特王室的权力格局大致可以分为两派:“苏德里七雄”,或称“苏德里兄弟”是一派,其余的亲王则是另一派,制衡这一集团。所谓“苏德里兄弟”,是开国国王与宠妻哈萨·宾特·艾哈迈德·苏德里所生的七个儿子。沙特现在的国王萨勒曼,就属于这一集团。

就目前看,掌握最高权力的“资深亲王”数量在10至15人左右。他们身居要职,掌控着政府的核心部门,以此为依托,建构各自的权力集团,或是隶属于某一个权力集团,实现对外交、军事或内政等某一个领域的控制。而即使沙特国王拥有绝对的权力,但沙特王室内部以各直系亲王为代表的多权力集团局面也一直存在。

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